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胆脂瘤

胆脂瘤
分类和外部资源
医学专科耳鼻喉科学
ICD-9-CM385.30
DiseasesDB2553
MedlinePlus001050
eMedicine860080
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

胆脂瘤(英文:Cholesteatoma),中文又称珍珠瘤,是一种鳞状角质化上皮的破坏性和侵入性生长,发生于中耳颞骨乳突部分英语Mastoid part of the temporal bone[1][2][3]胆脂瘤并不是肿瘤,但由于其侵蚀性和扩张性,常造成严重的问题,譬如造成中耳的听小骨受损,或从颅底英语Base of skull侵入大脑,或造成感染[1][2][3]胆脂瘤通常需要通过手术移除。[1][2][4]

症状

大多数胆脂瘤患者会出现耳漏(耳道有液体流出)或传导性听力丧失英语Conductive hearing loss[1][4]少数患者可能出现耳部疼痛、耳部肿胀、耳鸣头晕头痛、耳部出血、面瘫等。[1][4]与此同时,患者也可能患有外耳炎。如患者平衡感出现问题,应当考虑胆脂瘤已入侵内耳平衡觉感受器

由于胆脂瘤的严重性,当病患出现耳漏和听觉障碍时,在诊断过程中医生必须考虑胆脂瘤的可能性。

病因

胆脂瘤一般有两种:先天性及后天性(获得性)。获得性胆脂瘤较为常见,一般由于耳膜或其它中耳病变(如中耳炎、咽鼓管炎等)而导致中耳出现角质化上皮堆积。[1][5]先天性胆脂瘤一般是胚胎时期出现的中耳腔室内的表皮囊肿[2]

诊断

医护人员进行耳部物理检查。[4]CT扫描眼震电图检测英语Electronystagmography有助于排除其它疾病。[4]

治疗

胆脂瘤属于顽疾。一般情况下,如病人可接受普通麻醉,通常需要进行手术移除胆脂瘤。[1][2][4]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cholesteatoma. 美国国家卫生院. [2021-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-23) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 中耳炎與膽脂瘤. 三军总医院. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 珍珠瘤/膽脂瘤(Cholesteatoma)-白話醫學. 林口长庚纪念医院. [2021-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2013-11-08). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Cholesteatoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. medlineplus.gov. [2018-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-19) (英语). 
  5. ^ Cholesteatoma. VeDA. [2021-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-09) (美国英语). 
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胆脂瘤
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