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听小骨

听小骨
Ossicles
标识字符
拉丁文Ossicula auditus,
ossicula auditoria
MeSHD004429
TA98A02.1.17.001
TA2880
FMAFMA:52750
格雷氏p.1044
骨骼解剖学术语英语Anatomical terms of bone

中耳内有三块听小骨(ossicles、auditory ossicles)位于鼓室中,都是依其形状来命名的[1][2][3]

结构

排列方式:槌骨相连在砧骨上,砧骨相连在镫骨上,即镫骨与砧骨相连而砧骨的另一段与槌骨相连[1][2][3]

槌骨将力传递到卵圆窗,后者连接着耳前庭耳蜗[4][5]。这三块听小骨构成一个序列力学系统,通过杠杆原理来放大声音的作用力。其主要目的是实现空气和耳蜗内液体之间的阻抗匹配。

功能

空气中的音波传至外听道末端时,引起鼓膜上压力改变,鼓膜因而前后震动,复制声源,而附着于鼓膜上的槌骨亦随之震动,震动再经砧骨传至镫骨,镫骨另一端与卵圆窗相连,振动时可引起内耳液体的运动,进而刺激内耳的听觉受器。

回馈机制:三块听小骨之间的排列犹如杠杆系统,具有放大声波或降低声波的功能。当声音过大或过小时可经由听骨肌的控制。调整三个听小骨间的相对位置。以调节进入内耳的能量多寡。

1.听骨肌收缩时,三个小骨较分离,声波音量减弱

2.听骨肌舒张时,三个小骨较靠近,声波音量增强

附加图片

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Auditory Ossicle - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-07] (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Gaillard, Frank. Middle ear ossicles | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-29) (美国英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 The Ossicles and Their Function. hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. [2021-03-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-26). 
  4. ^ Bell, Daniel J. Stapediovestibular joint. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-28) (美国英语). 
  5. ^ Bell, Daniel J. Oval window. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-29) (美国英语). 

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听小骨
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