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感觉神经性耳聋

感觉神经性耳聋(sensorineural hearing loss)又称感音神经性聋[1],是由内耳前庭耳蜗神经(第八对脑神经)或中枢听觉系统的病变造成的耳聋

感觉神经性耳聋分有先天与后天之分。先天性耳聋可由遗传(包括如 Usher 综合征等罕见遗传性疾病)、耳蜗的发育不全,胆脂瘤等原因造成。后天性感觉神经性耳聋的常见原因有内耳感染耳毒性英语Ototoxicity药物的侵袭、头部外伤、高分贝噪音噪音性耳聋英语Noise-induced hearing loss)、衰老老年性耳聋英语Presbycusis)、自体免疫反应等。

目前感觉神经性耳聋的主要治疗方法包括助听器人工耳蜗的佩戴。助听器的主要功能是对环境声响的放大,使受损频率成分的声音达到病人的听觉阈之上;人工耳蜗将声音信息转化为电信号,直接对耳蜗螺旋中心的听神经施加电刺激。这两种方法都要求中枢听觉系统的完好。

突发性耳聋

突发性感觉神经性耳聋,常称为突发性耳聋、突发性听力障碍,又称耳中风[2],是一种难以描述的快速听力丧失,九成患者仅单耳发作,应被视为急症,延迟诊断治疗可能会使治疗效果降低或无效。

参考资料

  1. ^ 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会, 中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会, 中国残疾人康复协会听力语言康复专业委员会. 人工耳蜗植入工作指南(2013) [J] . 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2014,49( 02 ): 89-95. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2014.02.001
  2. ^ 耳中風是什麼?一次了解耳中風症狀、治療以及如何預防. 康健知识库. [2022-01-21] (中文(台湾)). 
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感觉神经性耳聋
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