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胆囊炎

胆囊炎
Cholecystitis
断层扫描中检查到的急性胆囊炎,注意肿胀胆囊附近的成股相绞
症状右上侧腹痛、恶心、呕吐发热[1]
病程短期或长期都有[2]
类型胆管炎疾病
病因胆石、严重疾病[1][3]
风险因素口服避孕药英语Birth control pill妊娠、家庭病史、肥胖症糖尿病肝硬化及快速的体重下降[4]
诊断方法透过医学超声检查[5]
鉴别诊断肝炎胃及十二指肠溃疡胰腺炎肺炎心绞痛[6]
治疗胆囊切除术英语cholecystectomy胆囊引流英语gallbladder drainage[7][5]
预后若有治疗,预后多半良好[4]
分类和外部资源
医学专科普通外科胃肠学
ICD-11DC12
ICD-9-CM575.10、​575.11
OMIM600803
DiseasesDB2520
MedlinePlus000264
eMedicine171886
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

胆囊炎(英语:Cholecystitis)是指发生于胆囊炎症[8],症状包括右上腹部疼痛、恶心、呕吐、偶有发烧。多半在急性胆囊炎之前会有胆绞痛的症状。但胆囊炎造成的疼痛会比一般胆绞痛的时间要长,胆囊炎若没有适当的治疗,常会有反复发作的情形[1]。急性胆囊炎的并发症包括有胰腺炎胆总管结石英语Common bile duct stone、或是上行性胆管炎英语Ascending cholangitis[1][8]

急性胆囊炎有90%以上是起因于胆囊管英语cystic duct胆石阻塞[1],而造成胆石的风险因子包括口服避孕药英语Birth control pill怀孕、家族中有胆石病史、肥胖糖尿病肝脏疾病、快速体重下降[4]有时则是因为血管炎化学疗法,或是正在重大创伤烧伤的复原期间[9]。胆囊炎是由症状或检验发现,通常再经过腹部超声波确诊[5]

治疗通常是尽可能在24小时内,以腹腔镜移除胆囊英语Cholecystectomy[7][10],建议在手术当中拍摄胆管[7] 在手术中多半会使用抗生素,但这其实较具争议性[5][11],在无法及时进行手术或个案较为复杂时才建议使用[5]。胆总管结石可在术前透过内视镜逆行性胆胰管摄影术英语ERCP移除,或是在手术当中移除[7]。手术很少见并发症[4],若是无法进行手术者,可尝试胆囊引流术英语Cholecystostomy[5]

发达国家的成年人约有10%-15%有胆结石[5],较常见于女性,并较好发于40岁过后,也有某些族群的人口较容易罹患胆结石,例如美国原住民当中有48%为患者[4]。在所有胆结石的患者当中,每年有1-4%发生胆绞痛,若未接受治疗,则约有20%胆绞痛患者会罹患胆囊炎[5]。在移除胆囊后的情形多半良好[4]。若没有治疗,可能会有慢性胆囊炎[2]。胆囊炎的英文Cholecystitis源自希腊文的cholecyst-(胆囊)及-itis(发炎)[12]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Strasberg, Steven M. Acute Calculous Cholecystitis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008-06-26, 358 (26). ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 18579815. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0800929 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Feldman, Mark. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management 9. [S.l.]: MD Consult. 2010: 1065. ISBN 9781437727678. (原始内容存档于2017-09-08). 
  3. ^ Levy, Angela D.; Mortele, Koenraad J.; Yeh, Benjamin M. Gastrointestinal Imaging. Oxford University Press. 2015: 456. ISBN 9780199392148. (原始内容存档于2017-09-08) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Gallstones. NIDDK. November 2013 [27 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2016-07-28). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Ansaloni, L.; Pisano, M.; Coccolini, F.; Peitzmann, A. B.; Fingerhut, A.; Catena, F.; Agresta, F.; Allegri, A.; Bailey, I.; Balogh, Z. J.; Bendinelli, C. 2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis. World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 2016-12, 11 (1) [2022-11-17]. ISSN 1749-7922. PMC 4908702可免费查阅. PMID 27307785. doi:10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5. (原始内容存档于2022-11-18) (英语). 
  6. ^ Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders 2nd. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. 2010: Chapter C. ISBN 0323076998. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Patel, Purvi P. Training vs practice: A tale of opposition in acute cholecystitis. World Journal of Hepatology. 2015, 7 (23) [2022-11-17]. ISSN 1948-5182. PMC 4606202可免费查阅. PMID 26483868. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i23.2470. (原始内容存档于2022-11-16) (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 2014 [2022-11-17]. PMID 25473723. (原始内容存档于2022-03-16). 
  9. ^ Section VIII. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management 10. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015: 1154. ISBN 9781455749898. (原始内容存档于2017-09-08). 
  10. ^ Schuld, Jochen; Glanemann, Matthias. Acute Cholecystitis. Visceral Medicine. 2015, 31 (3) [2022-11-17]. ISSN 2297-4725. PMC 4569253可免费查阅. PMID 26468309. doi:10.1159/000431275. (原始内容存档于2022-11-18) (英语). 
  11. ^ van Dijk, A H; de Reuver, P R; Tasma, T N; van Dieren, S; Hugh, T J; Boermeester, M A. Systematic review of antibiotic treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2016-05-12, 103 (7) [2022-11-17]. ISSN 0007-1323. PMID 27027851. doi:10.1002/bjs.10146. (原始内容存档于2022-11-17) (英语). 
  12. ^ Collins, Edwards. A Short Course in Medical Terminology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013: 246. ISBN 9781469835785. (原始内容存档于2017-09-08). 

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胆囊炎
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