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憩室炎

憩室炎
Diverticulitis
同义词Colonic diverticulitis
大肠(乙状结肠)中有多个囊(憩室英语diverticula)。
症状腹痛发热恶心腹泻便秘, 便血[1]
并发症脓疡肠穿孔[1]
起病年龄突然,年龄五十岁以上[1]
类型小肠病变[*]憩室病[*]炎症性疾病[*]sigmoiditis[*]疾病
病因不确定[1]
风险因素肥胖症、缺乏运动、吸烟、家庭病史、非甾体抗炎药[1][2]
诊断方法血液检查、X射线计算机断层成像结肠镜检查大肠钡剂灌肠造影[1]
鉴别诊断大肠激躁症[2]
预防美沙拉嗪利福昔明[2]
治疗抗细菌药、流质饮食、住院治疗[1]
患病率3.3%(发达国家)[3][1]
分类和外部资源
医学专科普通外科
ICD-10K57
DiseasesDB3876
MedlinePlus000257
eMedicine173388
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

憩室炎(diverticulitis)是大肠肠壁上憩室病发炎消化道疾病英语Gastrointestinal disease[1]。症状多半会是下腹部突然疼痛[1],不过疼痛也可能持续几天[1]。在北美及欧洲的憩室炎疼痛多半会在左下腹部,而亚洲多半会在右腹部[2][4]。也可能会有恶心腹泻或是便秘的症状[1],若是发烧或便血,可能有并发症[1]。憩室炎也可能会复发[2]

憩室炎的成因还未确认[1],风险因素可能包括肥胖、缺乏运动、吸烟、家族病史、非类固醇消炎止痛药(NSAIDs)[1][2],而膳食纤维是否造成影响还不清楚[2]。在大肠中形成囊袋但没有发炎症状,称为憩室病(diverticulosis)[1],有10%-25%的几率会因细菌感染而发炎[2][5],通常透过断层扫描诊断,或也辅助以验血、结肠镜检查大肠钡剂灌肠造影[1]。需要与大肠激躁症鉴别诊断[2]

预防方式包括调整风险因素(不运动、肥胖及吸烟)[2]美沙拉嗪利福昔明可用于预防憩室病患者的发作[2]。历史上曾建议避免食用坚果和种子来预防憩室炎,但发现食用这些食物与憩室炎之间没有任何关联,而不再作为饮食建议[1][2]。轻度憩室炎建议口服抗生素流质饮食英语Liquid diet[1]。严重病例则建议静脉注射抗生素、住院和全肠外营养,并且禁食英语Nothing by mouth[1]益生菌使用效果尚未明确[2]。并发症如脓疡瘘管和结肠穿孔可能需要进行手术[1]

此疾病在西方世界很常见,但在非洲和亚洲不常见[1]。在西方世界大约35%的人患有憩室病,而受影响的农村非洲人不到1%[5],罹患憩室病的人其中4%至15%可能继续发展成憩室炎[3]。此疾病随着年龄的增长变得更加频繁,在50岁以上的人中尤为常见[1]。憩室炎在世界各地也变得越来越普遍[2]。2003年在欧洲,憩室炎导致大约13,000人死亡[2],是结肠最常见的解剖疾病[2]。截至2013年,美国每年与憩室病有关的医疗成本约为24亿美元[2]

有关憩室、 憩室炎及憩室病的说明

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Diverticular Disease. www.niddk.nih.gov. September 2013 [12 June 2016]. (原始内容存档于13 June 2016). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 Tursi, A. Diverticulosis today: unfashionable and still under-researched. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. March 2016, 9 (2): 213–28. PMC 4749857可免费查阅. PMID 26929783. doi:10.1177/1756283x15621228. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Pemberton, John H. Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis需要付费订阅. UpToDate. 16 June 2016 [13 March 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-14). 
  4. ^ Feldman, Mark. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management 9th. [S.l.]: MD Consult. 2010: 2084. ISBN 9781437727678. (原始内容存档于2016-08-08). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Churchill Livingstone. 2014: 986. ISBN 9781455748013. (原始内容存档于2016-08-08). 

外部链接

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憩室炎
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