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科塔龙属

科塔龙属
化石时期:早侏罗世
196.5–183 Ma
骨架模型
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龙总目 Dinosauria
目: 蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目: 蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目: 蜥脚下目 Sauropoda
演化支 沉重龙类 Gravisauria
演化支 真蜥脚类 Eusauropoda
属: 科塔龙属 Kotasaurus
Yadagiri, 1988
模式种
雅曼帕利科塔龙
Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis

Yadagiri, 1988

科塔龙属名Kotasaurus,发音:/ˌktəˈsɔːrəs/ KOH-tə-SOR-əs,意为“科塔组英语Kota Formation的蜥蜴”)是种来自印度的原始蜥脚类恐龙,化石发现于泰伦加纳邦雅曼帕利村英语Yemanapalli附近属于早侏罗世锡内穆期普林斯巴期[1])的科塔组地层,与近缘的巨脚龙共享栖地。目前发现了至少12只个体的遗骸,使骨架多数部位都已知,除了头骨缺失只剩牙齿。[2]如同其他蜥脚类,科塔龙是大型、四足、长脖子、长尾巴的植食性动物。模式种兼唯一种雅曼帕利科塔龙Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis)发表于1988年。[3]

发现

所有化石挖自泰伦加纳邦雅曼帕利村附近约2400平方米区域,距巨脚龙发现地以北约40公里处。1970年代末发现了840个骨头。[4]1988年亚达吉里(P.M. Yadagiri)发表新属新种雅曼帕利科塔龙,属名及种名都取自发现地。正模标本21/SR/PAL是个髂骨[3]印度地调局英语Geological Survey of India将遗骸拼凑成骨架展示于海德拉邦比尔拉天文馆。2001年亚达吉里发表了细部骨学分析。[2]

描述

腿和脚

科塔龙是已知最基础的蜥脚类之一。整体构造是典型蜥脚类,但也有一些类似原始蜥脚形亚目的特征。[2]科塔龙是完全四足,如同其他蜥脚类,而原始蜥脚形亚目则起初为二足。[4]估计身长约9米及体重2.5吨,已达往后蜥脚类水准。[5]股骨横切面呈直椭圆,代表四肢已经变成柱状。牙齿像往后蜥脚类是汤匙状。至于原始特征包括相对短而略弯的肱骨,中轴显得巨大;与近缘巨脚龙相较之下,科塔龙骨骼缺乏减轻体重的气腔化。自衍征有相对纤细的肢骨、低矮加长的前髋臼突。[2]

分类

起初不确定科塔龙是真正的蜥脚下目还是排除在外的近似种。[4]某些研究者将其与巨脚龙、欧姆殿龙资中龙一同纳入火山齿龙科,该演化支目前认为是并系群[2]现在科塔龙被视为最基础的蜥脚下目,确切关系尚未明了。近期2010年的研究认为科塔龙比巨脚龙、火山齿龙原始,但比雷前龙金沙江龙衍化。[1]如下支序图所示:[6]

蜥脚下目 Sauropoda

近蜥龙 Anchisaurus

黑丘龙 Melanorosaurus

雷前龙 Antetonitrus

金沙江龙 Chinshakiangosaurus

依珊龙 Isanosaurus

科塔龙 Kotasaurus

火山齿龙 Vulcanodon

蜀龙 Shunosaurus

峨嵋龙 Omeisaurus

新蜥脚类 Neosauropoda

参考来源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; David D. Gillette; Sanghamitra Ray; Dhurjati P. Sengupta. Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India. Palaeontology. 2010, 53 (3): 533–569. ISSN 1475-4983. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Yadagiri, P. The osteology of Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis, a sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2001, 21 (2): 242–252. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0242:TOOKYA]2.0.CO;2. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Yadagiri, P. A new sauropod Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis from Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Records of the Geological Survey of India. 1988, 11: 102–127. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Glut, Donald F. Dinosaurs, the encyclopedia需要免费注册. McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. 1997: 521–522. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7. 
  5. ^ Paul, Gregory S. The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press. 2010-09-21: 172. ISBN 9780691137209. 
  6. ^ Upchurch, P.; P. M. Barrett; Z. Xijin; X. Xing. A re-evaluation of Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis Ye vide Dong 1992 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha): implications for cranial evolution in basal sauropod dinosaurs. Geological Magazine. 2007, 144 (2): 247–262 [2012-09-24]. doi:10.1017/S0016756806003062. (原始内容存档于2013-01-12). 
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科塔龙属
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