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祝融星

祝融星(又称火神星;法语:Vulcain;英语:Vulcan)是一个假设在太阳水星之间运行的行星,这个19世纪的假设被爱因斯坦广义相对论排除。祝融星的中文名称来源于中国上古神话人物火神祝融,西方名称则源自罗马神话的锻冶之神武尔坎努斯(Vulcanus)。

假设起源

祝融星是早期为了解释水星实际的近日点进动与计算出的数值上的差异而被假设存在的一颗行星。按古典力学的方法计算,水星在受到太阳和其他行星的引力摄动下,其近日点在每世纪会进动约531.63角秒,但实际观测的数字是约574角秒[1],与预期的相差43角秒,于是人们便假设水星轨道以内,尚有一颗未被发现的行星。祝融星最初由法国数学家勒威耶(Urbain Le Verrier)于1859年提出,他曾以计算天王星受到的外力摄动而成功地预测和发现海王星,于是试图以同样的方法去解决水星近日点进动,并寻找祝融星。20世纪初,爱因斯坦提出广义相对论以后,人们发现根据广义相对论计算出的水星进动与观测值吻合,因而不再寻找祝融星。对水星进动的圆满解释,也成为广义相对论最早的证据之一。

参见 

参考资料

  1. ^ Paris, Paulin. Nouvelles recherches sur la vie de Froissart et sur les différentes date de ses chroniques. Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. 1859, 3 (1): 227–229 [2022-10-19]. ISSN 0065-0536. doi:10.3406/crai.1859.66255. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (法语). 

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祝融星
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