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鞘翅目

鞘翅目
化石时期:285–0 Ma
二叠纪–现代
顺时针向左: 雌性彩虹锹形虫 (Lamprima aurata)、亚克提恩象兜 (Megasoma sp.)、长鼻象甲 (Rhinotia hemistictus)、牛仔甲虫 (Chondropyga dorsalis)、和Amblytelus英语Amblytelus属的物种。
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
(未分级) 双髁类 Dicondylia
亚纲: 有翅亚纲 Pterygota
演化支 伴翅类 Metapterygota
下纲: 新翅下纲 Neoptera
演化支 真变态类 Eumetabola
(未分级) 内生翅类 Endopterygota
目: 鞘翅目 Coleoptera
Linnaeus, 1758
亚目

See subgroups of the order Coleoptera英语subgroups of the order Coleoptera

鞘翅目学名Coleoptera)是昆虫纲中最大的,俗称甲虫[2]。目前全世界的甲虫,约182科,约有35万,占全动物界所有物种之25%[3]。但据估计,仍有超过200万种甲虫尚未描述[4]。除了在海洋和极地之外,任何环境都可以发现甲虫。

甲虫一般都有由甲壳素(又名甲壳质)组成的外骨骼,前翅为鞘翅(Elytron),通常可以覆盖身体的一部分以及保护后翅;前翅不能拿来飞行。一些种类已经有部分的种类丧失飞行能力,如步甲象鼻虫

甲虫为完全变态的虫类(幼虫成虫)。

分类

鞘翅目昆虫约出现在2.85亿年前,并逐渐演化出原鞘亚目(Archostemata)、肉食亚目(Adephaga)、菌食亚目(Myxophaga)和多食亚目(Polyphaga) [5]。 以下分类是根据Lawrence和Newton在1995年的分类。

原鞘亚目 Archostemata

  • 长扁甲总科 Cupedoidea
    • 眼甲科(澳洲长扁虫科) Ommatidae
    • 克劳森甲科 Crowsoniellidae
    • 沟胸长扁虫科 Tetraphaleridae
    • 长扁甲科 Cupedidae
    • 微长扁虫科 Micromalthidae

藻食亚目 Myxophaga

肉食亚目 Adephaga

多食亚目 Polyphaga

  • 长蠹虫下目 Bostrichiformia
  • 扁虫下目 Cucujiformia:有六个总科
  • 叩甲下目Elateriformia
    • 吉丁虫总科 Buprestoidea
    • 圆刺虫总科 Byrrhoidea
    • 毛泥甲总科 (花甲总科)Dascilloidea
    • 叩甲总科 Elateroidea
    • 菊虎总科 Cantharoidea
    • 鲣栉虫总科 Dermestoidea
    • 圆花蚤总科 Scirtoidea
    • 泥甲总科 Dryopoidea
  • 金龟下目 Scarabaeiformia
  • 隐翅虫下目 Staphyliniformia:有三个总科
    • 阎魔虫总科 Histeroidea
      • Cretohisteridae
        • Cretohister
          • Cretohister sinensis [6]
      • 阎魔虫科 Histeridae
      • Sphaeritidae
      • Synteliidae
    • 水龟虫总科/牙虫总科 Hydrophiloidea
    • 隐翅虫总科 Staphylinoidea
  • 分类未定 Incertae saedis

鞘翅目 Coleopterida (外类群)

捻翅目 Strepsiptera(外类群)

Template:Clade Coleoptera

参考资料

  1. ^ Bouchard, P.; Bousquet, Y.; Davies, A.; Alonso-Zarazaga, M.; Lawrence, J.; Lyal, C.; Newton, A.; Reid, C.; Schmitt, M.; Ślipiński, A.; Smith, A. Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys. 2011, 88 (88): 1–972. PMC 3088472可免费查阅. PMID 21594053. doi:10.3897/zookeys.88.807. 
  2. ^ 滕备, 杨海东; Bei Teng, Haidong Yang. 三种被动式采集方法对甲虫收集效果的比较研究: 以香港城门样地为例. 生物多样性: 1386–1395. [2021-11-18]. ISSN 1005-0094. doi:10.17520/biods.2021050. (原始内容存档于2021-11-18) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  3. ^ Zootaxa. 2011-12-23, 3148 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
  4. ^ Erwin, Terry L.; Johnson, Paul J. Naming Species, a New Paradigm for Crisis Management in Taxonomy: Rapid Journal Validation of Scientific Names Enhanced with More Complete Descriptions on the Internet. The Coleopterists Bulletin. 2000-09, 54 (3): 269–278. doi:10.1649/0010-065X(2000)054[0269:NSANPF]2.0.CO;2. 
  5. ^ Hunt, Toby; Bergsten, Johannes; Levkanicova, Zuzana; Papadopoulou, Anna; John, Oliver St.; Wild, Ruth; Hammond, Peter M.; Ahrens, Dirk; Balke, Michael; Caterino, Michael S.; Gómez-Zurita, Jesús; Ribera, Ignacio; Barraclough, Timothy G.; Bocakova, Milada; Bocak, Ladislav; Vogler, Alfried P. A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Beetles Reveals the Evolutionary Origins of a Superradiation. Science. 2007-12-21, 318 (5858): 1913–1916. doi:10.1126/science.1146954. 
  6. ^ Yu-Lingzi Zhou, Michael S. Caterino, Adam Ślipiński and Chen-Yang Cai. 2018. Cretohisteridae, a new beetle family from the Early Cretaceous of China, and its implications for the early evolution of the basal group of Histeroidea (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12300
  • J.F. Lawrence and A.F. Newton, Jr. 1995. Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names). pp. 779–1006 In: J. Pakaluk and S.A. Slipinski (eds.): Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Museum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa.
  • 中华昆虫学会。1994。昆虫纲科级以上学名中名对照表。中华昆虫特刊第九号。1-20页。PDF

延伸阅读

  • 小林准治; 手冢治虫. 朱耀沂(翻译) , 编. 《手塚治虫 昆蟲圖鑑》. 玉山社. 2004-01-03 [2004]. ISBN 986-781-944-6 (中文). (繁体中文)
  • 平山修次郎. 《原色甲蟲圖譜》. 三省堂. 1940: 244页. (日语)

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鞘翅目
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