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神农本草经

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神农本草经》,简称《本草经》,是现存最早的中药学专著,作者相传为神农氏,约成书于时期。书内记载的药物凡365种,分上品、中品和下品三品。原书早已佚失。南朝陶弘景为《神农本草经》做注,并补充《名医别录》,编定《本草经集注》共七卷,把药物的品种数目增加至七百三十多种。清朝孙星衍将《神农本草经》考订辑复,成为现在通行本。

《神农本草经》为中国现存较早的药物学重要文献,本书把药分为三品:认为无毒的称上品为,毒性小的称中品为,毒性剧烈的称下品为佐使

成书问题

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汉书·艺文志》登载了“《神农黄帝食禁》七卷”与“《神农》二十篇”两种文献,前者归属于“经方家”,后者则为“农家”,东汉的班固解释“《神农》二十篇”为六国时期诸子担心诸侯荒怠农事,故托言是神农所作,成书于西汉之前的“《神农》二十篇”并不是登载各种草石功效的《神农本草经》。

孙星衍认为这部书或有可能源自神农黄帝之时,当时虽无文字,但药石知识相传不绝,经过历代名家修订、增补(例如:吴普的《神农本草》六卷),屡有阙佚,今本远非古本之旧。

大致上,西汉已有“本草”之名,亦有托言“神农、黄帝”之食禁书、经方家言,这虽为今本《神农本草经》之滥觞,但已非古本《神农黄帝食禁》面貌。

参考文献

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神农本草经
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