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芒硝 .
芒硝 基本资料 类别 硫酸盐矿物 化学式 Na2 SO4 ·10H2 O 施特龙茨分类 07.CD.10 性质 分子量 322.2 颜色 无色, 白色, 黄白色, 青白色 晶体惯态 颗粒或粗大结晶 晶系 柱状单斜晶系 2/m, 空间群 P21 /a 双晶 Interpenetration twinning on {001}; also on {100} 解理 {100} 完全, {001} poor, {010} poor 断口 贝壳状 莫氏硬度 1.5–2 光泽 玻璃光泽 条痕 白色 透明性 透明、半透明或不透明 比重 1.49 光学性质 双轴 (–), 2V=75.93° 折射率 nα = 1.396, nβ = 1.4103, nγ = 1.419 双折射 δ = 0.023 多色性 无 其他特征 无放射性, 无荧光性
芒硝 (Mirabilite ),矿物名,是十水合硫酸钠 的俗称,化学式 为Na2 SO4 ‧10H2 O(硫酸钠与水分子结合形成的结晶),单斜晶系,晶体短柱状,集合体呈致密块状或皮壳状等,无色透明,有时带浅黄或绿色。玻璃光泽;硬度1.5-2;比重 1.4-1.5;解理 平行{100}完全;其他方向具贝壳状断;口味较苦。失水后称无水芒硝。
虽然名称中含有“硝”,但跟硝酸 或硝酸盐没有任何联系。
用途
芒硝的晶体结构
医学用途
维基百科 中的医学内容仅供参考 ,并不能 视作专业意见。如需获取医疗帮助或意见,请咨询专业人士。详见医学声明 。
芒硝具有泻下通便、润燥软坚、清火消肿之功效,常用于实热积滞,腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈肿痛等病症的治疗,可用作泻药 。也可外用,用于治疗乳痈、痔疮肿痛等[1] 。芒硝为中药喷剂西瓜霜的主要成分。
工业用途
工业上广泛用于漂染,制造玻璃及苏打,及制作洗衣粉 等。中国 芒硝储量居世界第一。芒硝矿主要分布于四川 、湖北 、西藏 、内蒙古 等地盐湖中,系化学沉淀的产物。
蓄热
芒硝在32.38°C以上时发生熔化现象,即溶于自身的结晶水中,同时吸收热量。其熔化热为77kJ/mol。这表明它可作为一种潜热材料,并用以调节室温。通常将装有芒硝的聚乙烯管安装在房屋的外墙内,当太阳照射时,它能熔化吸热,达到蓄热作用,使室内保持较低的温度;晚上它又可缓慢凝结而释放热量,使室内保持一定温度。
制取硫酸钠(元明粉)
古代<要药分剂>一书有记载蒸发芒硝(十水合硫酸钠)以制取元明粉(硫酸钠)。
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