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芒硝

芒硝
基本资料
类别硫酸盐矿物
化学式Na2SO4·10H2O
施特龙茨分类07.CD.10
性质
分子量322.2
颜色无色, 白色, 黄白色, 青白色
晶体惯态颗粒或粗大结晶
晶系柱状单斜晶系 2/m, 空间群 P21/a
双晶Interpenetration twinning on {001}; also on {100}
解理{100} 完全, {001} poor, {010} poor
断口贝壳状
莫氏硬度1.5–2
光泽玻璃光泽
条痕白色
透明性透明、半透明或不透明
比重1.49
光学性质双轴 (–), 2V=75.93°
折射率nα = 1.396, nβ = 1.4103, nγ = 1.419
双折射δ = 0.023
多色性
其他特征无放射性, 无荧光性

芒硝Mirabilite),矿物名,是十水合硫酸钠的俗称,化学式为Na2SO4‧10H2O(硫酸钠与水分子结合形成的结晶),单斜晶系,晶体短柱状,集合体呈致密块状或皮壳状等,无色透明,有时带浅黄或绿色。玻璃光泽;硬度1.5-2;比重1.4-1.5;解理平行{100}完全;其他方向具贝壳状断;口味较苦。失水后称无水芒硝。

虽然名称中含有“硝”,但跟硝酸或硝酸盐没有任何联系。

用途

芒硝的晶体结构

医学用途

芒硝具有泻下通便、润燥软坚、清火消肿之功效,常用于实热积滞,腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈肿痛等病症的治疗,可用作泻药。也可外用,用于治疗乳痈、痔疮肿痛等[1]。芒硝为中药喷剂西瓜霜的主要成分。

工业用途

工业上广泛用于漂染,制造玻璃及苏打,及制作洗衣粉等。中国芒硝储量居世界第一。芒硝矿主要分布于四川湖北西藏内蒙古等地盐湖中,系化学沉淀的产物。

蓄热

芒硝在32.38°C以上时发生熔化现象,即溶于自身的结晶水中,同时吸收热量。其熔化热为77kJ/mol。这表明它可作为一种潜热材料,并用以调节室温。通常将装有芒硝的聚乙烯管安装在房屋的外墙内,当太阳照射时,它能熔化吸热,达到蓄热作用,使室内保持较低的温度;晚上它又可缓慢凝结而释放热量,使室内保持一定温度。

制取硫酸钠(元明粉)

古代<要药分剂>一书有记载蒸发芒硝(十水合硫酸钠)以制取元明粉(硫酸钠)。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 国家药典委员会. 中华人民共和国药典 (PDF). 北京: 中国医药科技出版社. 2010: 118–119 [2014-11-19]. ISBN 9787506744379. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-20) (中文). 

外部链接

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芒硝
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