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明朝太子三少

明朝太子三少,即明朝太子少师太子少傅太子少保三职的合称,正二品。最初负责掌奉皇太子以观三公的道德而教谕等事,为东宫辅臣。后为虚衔。

概述

明朝太子三少为无定员,无专授。洪武元年(1368年),因为明太祖朱元璋经常因事亲征,考虑皇太子监国时,再设官僚制度,会生嫌隙,于是命朝廷命臣兼顾东宫职务:李善长兼太子少师,徐达兼太子少傅,常遇春兼太子少保。洪武三年(1370年),礼部尚书陶凯请选人专任东宫官,于是朱元璋罢免兼领,另选辅导。于是东宫师傅止为兼官、加官及赠官。唯一的特例是永乐年间,明成祖迁都北京,命姚广孝专任太子少师,留辅太子朱高炽。从此以后直至明末,太子三少全部为虚衔,与辅导太子的职责无关[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 明史》(卷72):“太子太师、太子太傅、太子太保,并从一品掌以道德辅导太子,而谨护翼之。太子少师、太子少傅、太子少保,并正二品掌奉太子以观三公之道德而教谕焉。太子宾客,正三品掌侍太子赞相礼仪,规诲过失。皆东宫大臣,无定员,无专授。洪武元年,太祖有事亲征,虑太子监国,别设宫僚或生嫌隙,乃以朝臣兼宫职:李善长兼太子少师,徐达兼太子少傅,常遇春兼太子少保,治书侍御史文原吉、范显祖兼太子宾客。三年,礼部尚书陶凯请选人专任东宫官,罢兼领,庶于辅导有所责成。帝谕以江充之事可为明鉴,立法兼领,非无谓也。由是东宫师傅止为兼官、加官及赠官。惟永乐间,成祖幸北京,以姚广孝专为太子少师,留辅太子。自是以后,终明世皆为虚衔,于太子辅导之职无与也。”
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明朝太子三少
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