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护法 (印度论师) .
护法论师
国籍 印度 头衔 那烂陀寺住持 驻锡于 那烂陀寺 师承 二胜六庄严之陈那 徒弟与学生 戒贤 、最胜子、智月 著作 《广百论释》、《成唯识宝生论》、《观所缘论释》 传人 戒贤
护法 (梵语 :धर्मपाल ,罗马化: Dharmapāla ),音译达摩波罗 ,为六世纪 中叶印度 大乘 瑜伽行唯识学派 重要论师,因明学大师陈那迦 门生。玄奘三藏 大师译介的法相唯识宗 理论,即依护法论师的见解为主,另外参考其他论师的意见编译而成。
护法出身南印度 达罗毗荼 国首都建志补罗 城,其天资聪颖、见解超群,曾出任那烂陀寺 住持 。他与中观自续派的清辩论师 进行了空有之诤[1] ,但二人没有面对面的辩论法义[2] 。护法 才华出众,但英年早逝,享年仅三十二岁,类似于中国的僧肇 ,令无数学人扼腕叹息。
在唯识 方面,他最先提倡见分、相分、自证分、证自证分“四分说”。其学说由玄奘 大师传来中国,《成唯识论 》即依护法的见解为主体。
门下有戒贤 、最胜子、智月 等名弟子。
著作有《广百论释》、《成唯识宝生论》、《观所缘论释》等。
^
圆测 《佛说般若波罗蜜多心经赞》:“亲光释曰:千年已前,佛法一味,过千年后,空有乖诤。佛灭没已,一千年后,南印度界健至国中,有二菩萨,一时出世,一者清辨 、二者护法 ,为令有情悟入佛法,立空有宗,共成佛意。清辨菩萨,执空拨有,令除有执,护法菩萨,立有拨空,令除空执。……故今略述二种观门: 一者、清辨依诸《般若》,及龙猛 宗,立一观门,谓历法遣相观空门,立一切法,皆悉是空,无生无灭,本来寂静,自性涅槃。……
二者、护法依《深密》等,及弥勒 宗,立一观门,谓在识遮境辨空观门,立一切法,通有及无,遍计所执情有理无,依他起性因缘故有,圆成实性理有非无。
故《深密》说:‘依所执故,说一切法皆无自性。’
《宝积经》说:‘若拨诸法皆无性者,我说彼为不可治者。’
《瑜伽》等曰:‘依所执性故,契经说一切诸法皆无自性。’
《辨中边论颂》:‘虚妄分别有,于此二都无,此中唯有空,于彼亦有此。故说一切法,非空非不空,有无及有故,是故契中道。’
如是等文,诚证非一,是故《二十唯识》等曰:‘非知诸法一切种无,乃得名为入法无我,然达愚夫遍计所执,自性差别诸法我无,如是乃名入法无我。’”
圆测 《解深密经疏》:“世亲 菩萨《三十唯识》,作此颂言:‘即依此三性,立彼三无性,故佛密意说,一切法无性。’护法释云:‘于有及无,总说无性,故名密意。’”
^ 《大唐西域记》卷10〈案达罗国〉:“城南不远有大山岩,婆毘吠伽(唐言清辩)论师,住阿素洛宫,待见慈氏菩萨成佛之处。论师雅量弘远,至德深邃,外示僧佉之服,内弘龙猛之学。闻摩揭陀国护法菩萨宣扬法教,学徒数千,有怀谈议,杖锡而往。至波吒釐城,知护法菩萨在菩提树,论师乃命门人曰:“汝行诣菩提树护法菩萨所,如我辞曰:‘菩萨宣扬遗教,导诱迷徒,仰德虚心,为日已久。然以宿愿未果,遂乖礼谒。菩提树者,誓不空见,见当有证,称天人师。’”护法菩萨谓其使曰:“人世如幻,身命若浮,渴日勤诚,未遑谈议。”人信往复,竟不会见。”
教义 僧
印度 中国 日本 道昭 - 智通 - 智凤 -
行基 - 义渊 - 玄昉 - 徳一 - 真兴 - 贞庆 - 良遍 - 光胤
经 论 学派 宗派
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