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微型小说

微型小说又名小小说袖珍小说极短篇小说等,是英文“Flash Fiction”的直译,原为短篇小说的分支,是顺应现代人繁忙生活而发展成一种篇幅短小的小说,约1000字到3000字之间。

微型小说跟一般小说一样重视故事背景、个人形象、人物心理、叙事节奏,可以是转折虽少意境深远,或转折虽多却清晰动人,让人有接近中篇小说感想的作品。美国文学批评家罗伯特·奥伯佛斯特 (Robert Oberfirst)提出:微型小说应具备三大要素:构思新奇、情节完整、结尾出人意料,所以优秀的微型小说常会在文末冒出一大出人意表的结局。

微型小说发展初期曾引起大量文人投入,因而手法并不固定,算是新兴体裁。但也因篇幅太小,不好发挥,使不少作家放弃。现代有学者认定神话传奇变文灵异故事和字数少的话本等属于小小说。但也有人认为微型小说是近代名词,是短篇小说分支,受过现代长篇小说影响。若做学术讨论并不适合概括神话、传奇、话本小说等具有早期发展特色作品。

微型小说争议除了学术定位,还包括字数。对于汉语文化圈而言,由于微型小说是欧美传入的观念,从一开始与盎格鲁世界相同的1000字以下,到考量汉语白话文叙述的3000字都有人提出。在华语文学中,一般要求出版社或书局会要求微型小说篇幅至少要在3000字内,一般多为2500字内,以避开短篇小说(3000字)争议,较严谨的出版商可能会要求在1500字以下。

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微型小说
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