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始贫齿兽属

始贫齿兽属
化石时期:50.3–46.2 Ma[1]
始新世早期至中期
始贫齿兽的骨架
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 古乏齿兽目 Palaeanodonta
科: 始贫齿兽科 Metacheiromyidae
亚科: 始贫齿兽亚科 Metacheiromyinae
属: 始贫齿兽属 Metacheiromys
Wortman, 1903[2]
模式种
Metacheiromys marshi
Wortman, 1903[2]
其他种
见正文

始贫齿兽属学名Metacheiromys,意为“接近指猴的”,因最早见到其骨骼的科学家误将其认作灵长类动物,并指出其前爪与马达加斯加的指猴近似),是一类史前食虫哺乳动物化石产自美国怀俄明州始新世早期到中期地层。

始贫齿兽体长约45厘米,头部狭窄,脚有长爪,外形类似犰狳食蚁兽,但实际上与穿山甲的亲缘关系更为密切。爪子的形状显示牠们可能善于刨土,以土中的小型无脊椎动物为食。与现代食蚁兽或穿山甲不同的是,牠们生有发达的犬齿,但只有很少的颊齿,以口中的角质垫状物磨碎食物[3]

始贫齿兽及其近亲,如地位未定的蕾贫齿兽(Ernanodon,或称蕾乏齿兽)等,共同组成了古贫齿兽目(Palaeanodonta,或称古乏齿兽目),该目被认为是穿山甲类(鳞甲目)的姐妹群[4]

下级分类

[编辑]
  • 始贫齿兽属 Metacheiromys[1]
    • M. dasypus Osborn, 1904
      M. osborni Simpson, 1931:M. dasypus异名
    • M. marshi Wortman, 1903
      M. tatusia Osborn, 1904:M. marshi 的异名

系统发生

[编辑]

始贫齿兽及其近亲之间的假定演化关系如下:[5][6][4]

鳞甲形类

 鳞甲目 Pholidota

†古乏齿兽目

 †掘齿兽属 Escavadodon

 ? 

 †Amelotabes

 ? 

 †梅氏兽属 Melaniella

 †侨兽科 Epoicotheriidae

 ? 

 †北极乏齿兽属 Arcticanodon

†始贫齿兽科 Metacheiromyidae

 †原古乏齿兽亚科 Propalaeanodontinae

 †磨乏齿兽属 Mylanodon

 †短乏齿兽属 Brachianodon

 †古乏齿兽属 Palaeanodon

始贫齿兽属

 †M. dasypus

 †M. marshi

 ? 

 †未定种 M. sp. (CP 25J2)

 Metacheiromys 

 †蕾贫齿兽科 Ernanodontidae

†始贫齿兽亚科 Metacheiromyinae
Palaeanodonta
Pholidotamorpha

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Metacheiromys. Paleobiology Database. [2022-01-26]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Wortman, J.L. Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum. American Journal of Science英语American Journal of Science. 1903, s4–16 (95): 345–368. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-16.95.345. 
  3. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 206. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2012, 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. 
  5. ^ Rose, Kenneth D. Palaeanodonta and Pholidota. Janis, Christine M.; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Uhen, Mark D (编). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2008: 135–146. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511541438.010. 
  6. ^ Gaudin, Timothy. The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution英语Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 2009, 16 (4): 235–305 [2021-09-05]. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-25). 
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始贫齿兽属
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