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始祖象

始祖象属
化石时期:始新世晚期
绝灭(化石)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 长鼻目 Proboscidea
科: 始祖象科 Moeritheriidae
属: 始祖象属 Moeritherium
C. W. Andrews, 1906
  • 安德鲁始祖象 M. andrewsi Schlosser, 1911
  • M. chehbeurameuri Delmer et al., 2006
  • 纤细始祖象 M. gracile Andrews, 1902
  • M. lyonsi Andrews, 1901
  • M. trigodon Andrews, 1904

始祖象Moeritherium,意为来自摩里斯湖的野兽)属于始祖象科,包括了几个不同的种。始祖象与象科有亲缘关系,与海牛的关系则较远。始祖象生活于始新世

始祖象是种类似的生物[1],体型比现代象小很多,肩高只有约70公分,身长约3米。一般认为始祖象生活在沼泽与河畔,占据的生态位现在是由河马所取代,牙齿化石显示牠们是以柔软的水生植物为主食。

化石

Moeritherium lyonsi头骨化石,存放在法国巴黎法国国立自然史博物馆(Muséum national d' histoire naturelle)中
Moeritherium lyonsi与人类的大小对比

查尔斯·威廉·安德鲁斯在1901年根据在埃及费匀(Al Fayyum)的Qasr-el-Sagha地层中发现的化石,描述了一个始祖象的种:Moeritherium lyonsi。安德鲁斯然后根据这个地区于1902年在fluvio-marine地层发现的化石,描述了另一个较小的种:纤细始祖象(Moeritherium gracile[2][3]。第一具Moeritherium trigodon化石由安德鲁斯在1904年于费匀的绿洲地层中发现[1][4],牠们的化石也在北非西非的其他地方被发现[5]。西洛瑟(Schlosser)在1911年将Moeritherium lyonsi分成两个不同的种:Moeritherium lyonsi与安德鲁始祖象(Moeritherium andrewsi)。Moeritherium lyonsi是在Qasr-el-Sagha地层中发现的种,而安德鲁始祖象则是于fluvio-marine地层中发现的一个巨大的新种[2][3][6]。在2006年时,古生物学家根据在阿尔及利亚发现的始新世晚期的化石,命名了一个最新的种:Moeritherium chehbeurameuri[7]

其他同类

有几种早期的象生活在始新世,其中有一些就外观上,相当类似现代象,例如Palaeomastodon。然而始祖象是这个科的一个支系,只拥有粗短的鼻子与短腿。始祖象并不是现代象的始祖,被认为只是长鼻目的一个已灭绝的旁支,并没有留下任何后代。

大众文化

始祖象也出现在BBC的影集《与野兽同行》(Walking with Beasts)中。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Koehl, D. 2006. The genus Moeritherium, ancestor of elephants.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Matsumoto, H. 1922. Revision of Palæomastodon and Mœritherium. Palæomastodon intermedius, and Phiomia osborni, new species. American Museum Novitates. Number 51, November 21.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Matsumoto, H. 1923. A Contribution to the Knowledge of Mœritherium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; v. 48, article 4. p. 97-140.
  4. ^ ABC Online. 2002. ABC - Science - Beasts - Moeritherium Factfile页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  5. ^ BBC Homepage. 2006. - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Moeritherium[永久失效链接] Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  6. ^ Schlosser M. (1911) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oligozänen Landsäugetiere aus dem Fayum, Ägypten. Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns, 24: 1–167.
  7. ^ Delmer, C., Mahboubi, M., Tabuce, R. & Tassy, P. 2006. A new species of Moeritherium (Proboscidae, Mammalia) from the Eocene of Algeria: new perspectives on the ancestral morphotype of the genus. Palaeontology 49 (2), 421-434.
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始祖象
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