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近蹄类

近蹄类
化石时期:古新世至现代
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
高目: 大西洋兽高目 Atlantogenata
总目: 非洲兽总目 Afrotheria
演化支 近蹄类 Paenungulata

近蹄类(学名:Paenungulata),又名准有蹄类次有蹄类,是一个包含了长鼻目海牛目蹄兔目重脚目索齿兽目哺乳动物的动物分类。当中重脚目及索齿兽目经已灭绝,相对与现存的另外三个目有其独特的一面。重脚目是像犀牛草食性跖行的动物,而索齿兽目则像河马,估计是吃陆上植物及像其他大型有蹄类般行走。

乔治·盖洛德·辛普森是利用传统的科学分类来将这类多样的哺乳动物归纳在近蹄类中[1],但在解决其系谱问题时却就缺乏严谨。他暗示蹄兔目可能与奇蹄目有关。早期的学者基于其齿列认为蹄兔目最接近犀牛,另外一些证据显示蹄兔目有可能是奇蹄目的亲属,而非其他的近蹄类。故此,近蹄类之间有可能并不怎么接近。

其后的基因技术及支序分类学发现,近蹄类是一个可信的分支,是最古老从有胎盘哺乳动物(真兽下纲)分化的一系。[2]牠们与奇蹄目的关系却没有得到证实,虽然牠们的形态很像有蹄类,分子研究却显示牠们是属于非洲兽总目。其他非洲兽总目的成员有非洲猬目象鼩目管齿目

在近蹄类的五个目中,蹄兔目是最为基底的,而其他的则较为相关,并组成了特提斯兽类,因为相信牠们的共同祖先是生活于史前的特提斯洋岸边。

参考

  1. ^ Simpson, G. G. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 1945, 85: 1–350 [2008-03-29]. (原始内容存档于2015-04-29). 
  2. ^ McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-231-11013-8. 

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近蹄类
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