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碘化汞钾

碘化汞钾
IUPAC名
四碘合汞(II)酸钾
别名 碘化汞钾、
奈斯勒试剂(主要成分)
识别
CAS号 7783-33-7  checkY
PubChem 15980736
ChemSpider 22948
SMILES
 
  • [K+].[K+].I[Hg-2](I)(I)I
UN编号 3287
ChEBI 51568
性质
化学式 HgI4K2
摩尔质量 786.4 g·mol−1
外观 浅黄色柱状结晶[1]
密度 1.16 g/cm3
危险性
MSDS 奈斯勒试剂的外部MSDS
相关物质
其他阴离子 碘化汞
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

碘化汞钾化学式K2HgI4),也称四碘合汞酸钾四碘合汞(II)酸钾,是黄色的、有潮解性的晶体,有毒。密度4.25g/cm3,溶于乙醇乙醚丙酮

0.09mol/L碘化汞钾与2.5mol/L氢氧化钾的混合溶液称为奈斯勒试剂Nessler试剂Neßler试剂)或碱性碘化汞钾试液,由Julius Neßler首先使用,与作用产生黄色或棕色(高浓度时)沉淀,是鉴定试样中氨的常用试剂。灵敏度大约为0.3μg NH3/2μL。[2]

NH4+ + 2[HgI4]2 + 4OH → HgO·Hg(NH2)I + 7I + 3H2O

向热浓氯化汞溶液中加入浓碘化钾溶液,直至产生的碘化汞沉淀全部溶解为止,生成碘化汞钾。过滤,再加入氢氧化钾和少量的氯化汞,冷却、稀释,便得到奈斯勒试剂。[3]

化学性质

碘化汞钾可以和氯磺酸反应,生成四氯磺酸根合汞(II)酸钾(K2[Hg(SO3Cl)4])。[4]

用途

2 AgNO3 + K2[HgI4] → Ag2[HgI4]↓ + 2 KI
2 CuSO4 + K2[HgI4] + SO2 + 2 H2O → Cu2[HgI4] + K2SO4 + 2 H2SO4

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 《无机化合物合成手册》.第三卷. 日本化学会 编. 曹惠民 译.化学工业出版社. P394. 汞的络合物
  2. ^ Svehla, G. (1979). Vogel's Textbook of Macro and Semimicro Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, London:Longman. ISBN 0-582-44367-9
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2008-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2007-12-24). 
  4. ^ M. Y. SIDDIQI, Z. A. SIDDIQI, M. SHAKIR. ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tetraiodomercurate Anion with HSO3Cl: Synthesis of and Physico-Chemical Studies on M2(Hg(SO3Cl)4) (M: Cu(I), K), (Et4N)2(Hg( SO3Cl)2I2), and K2(Hg(SO3Cl)nI4-n) (n = 1, 2, and 3). ChemInform, 1992. 23(13)
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碘化汞钾
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