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有机汞化合物

有机汞化合物是含有-键的一类金属有机化合物,这类化合物通常都有很大的毒性。

制备

烷基碘化汞可由活泼碘代烃和汞在光照下反应得到,活泼碘代烃有碘甲烷烯丙基碘、炔丙基碘和多氟代的碘代烷等。[1]

RI + Hg —hv.→ RHgI

格氏试剂和卤化汞反应可以得到RHgX和一定量的R2Hg:

RMgX + HgX2 → RHgX + MgX2
RHgX + RMgX → R2Hg + MgX2

芳基硼酸与氯化汞的水溶液反应,定量生成芳基氯化汞:[2]

ArB(OH)2 + HgCl2 + H2O → ArHgCl + B(OH)3 + HCl

乙酸汞和苯在乙酸中于100℃发生亲电取代反应,产生苯基乙酸汞:[3]

C6H6 + Hg(CH3COO)2 → PhHgOCOCH3 + CH3COOH

二烷基汞和二芳基汞可以由钠汞齐和卤代烃在二甲苯中反应得到,乙酸乙酯为催化剂:[4]

RBr + 2 Na[Hg] → R2Hg + 2 NaBr + Hg

汞的带有强吸电子基团的羧酸盐加热脱羧也能得到汞的有机化合物,如Hg(O2CCBr3)2脱羧得到Hg(CBr3)2,PhHg(O2CCCl3)脱羧得到PhHgCCl3

含末端炔氢的炔烃和碘化汞钾在碱性条件(KOH)下反应,可以得到二炔基汞[5]。苯乙炔和乙酸汞可以在乙酸中直接发送汞化反应,生成二(苯乙炔基)汞[6]

参考资料

  1. ^ 宋礼成,王佰全. 金属有机化学原理及应用. 高等教育出版社, 2012.10. pp 258-270. 8.3 汞有机化合物
  2. ^ Torssell K. Acta Chem Scand, 1959, 13: 115-119
  3. ^ Kobe K A, Lueth P F. Ind Eng Chem, 1942, 34: 309-313
  4. ^ Calvery H O. J Am Chem Soc, 1926, 48: 1009-1012
  5. ^ Johnson J R, McEwen W L. J Am Chem Soc, 1926, 48: 469-476
  6. ^ Uemura S, Miyoshi H, Okano M. J Chem Soc, Perkin Trans 1, 1980, 1098-1103
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有机汞化合物
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