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天权

天权(大熊座δ)
天权的位置(红圈)
观测资料
历元 J2000
星座 大熊座
星官
赤经 12h 15m 25.56063s[1]
赤纬 +57° 01′ 57.4156″[1]
视星等(V) +3.312[2]
特性
光谱分类A3 V[3]
U−B 色指数+0.067[2]
B−V 色指数+0.075[2]
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)-20.2[4] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:+104.11[1] mas/yr
赤纬:7.30[1] mas/yr
视差 (π)40.51 ± 0.15[1] mas
距离80.5 ± 0.3 ly
(24.69 ± 0.09 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)+1.39[5]
详细资料
质量1.63[6] M
半径1.4[7] R
表面重力 (log g)4.49[7]
亮度14[7] L
温度9,480±570[7] K
自转速度 (v sin i)233[8] km/s
年龄0.3[9] Gyr
其他命名
Megrez、δ Ursae Majoris、δ Uma、Delta Uma、 69 Ursae Majoris、BD +57 363、CCDM J12155+5702A、FK5 456、GC 16736、HD 106591、HIP 59774、HR 4660、IDS 12105+5735 A、PPM 33469、SAO 28315、WDS J12154+5702A[10]
参考数据库
SIMBAD资料

天权(大熊座δ,δ Uma),西方传统的正式名称为Megrez /ˈmɡrɛz/,[11][12],是位于北天拱极星座大熊座的一颗恒星。它的视星等为+3.3[2],是北斗七星这个星群中最黯淡的一颗。视差量测得出与太阳的距离估计为80.5光年(24.7秒差距[1]

恒星性质

北斗七星中的天权位于杓柄与杓口衔接之处。

天权的质量比太阳大63% [6],半径大约是太阳半径半径的1.4倍[7]。它的恒星分类是A3V[3],这意味着它是一颗通过氢的核聚变在其核心产生能量的A型主序星。它的光度是太阳的14倍[7],使得它内部的能量从表面向外辐射的有效温度为9,480K[7]。 这使它具有典型的A型恒星的白色色调[13]

这颗恒星有过量的红外辐射,表明存在星周物质。这在距恒星16天文单位的轨道半径周围形成一个岩屑盘。这个半径对于圆盘的估计年龄来说非常小,这可以解释为坡印廷-罗伯逊效应的阻力导致尘埃向内螺旋[9]

它有两颗黯淡的伴星,一颗是10等的天权B(大熊座δB),另一颗是11等的天权C(大熊座δC),它们都位于距离主恒星角度约2弧分之处[14]

天权是大熊座移动星群的成员,这是一个星协中的恒星。它们在空间中有共同的运动,可能形成于相同的分子云银河系中天权在银河系空间速度分量为[U,V,W]=[+15.35,+1.17,-11.52] km s−1[15]

命名法

在雪梨大厅中描绘大熊座恒星的版画。

天权在拜耳命名法中的名称是大熊座δ(拉丁名称Delta Ursae Majoris)。

它的传统名称为Megrez/ˈmɛɡrɛz/,和历史名称为 KaffaMegrez的阿拉伯语:المغرز‎为al-maghriz,意思是熊尾巴的根基。 Kaffa这个名字出现在1951年捷克天文学家Antonín Bečvář英语Antonín Bečvář出版的一本名为《Atlas Coeli》(斯卡尔纳特·普莱索天空图集)的出版品上,但保罗·库尼奇(Paul Kunitzch)教授一直无法找到任何关于 Kaffa这个名字起源的线索[16]

印度教徒称这颗星是“Atri”,是神话中的七仙人之一[17]

中国北斗 (Běi Dǒu)是紫微垣中的星官,等同于大北斗这个星群,也就是北斗七星。因此,中文星名的天权也可以称为北斗四Běi Dǒu sì),意思是北斗七星的第四颗星(英语:the Fourth Star of Northern Dipper)。 天权Tiān Quán的意思是天体平衡之星(英语:Star of Celestial Balance[18]

天权在术数中,又称之为“文曲”。《五行大义》引《黄帝斗图》“四名文曲,卯酉生人所属”。混杂术数的《北斗七星延命经》:“南无文曲星,是东方无忧世界最胜吉祥如来佛。”

同名

美国海军巨爵级货船英语Crater class cargo shipUSS Megrez (AK-126)英语USS Megrez (AK-126)是根据这颗恒星命名为Megrez

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, S2CID 18759600, arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Oja, T., UBV photometry of stars whose positions are accurately known. III, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 1986, 65 (2): 405–4, Bibcode:1986A&AS...65..405O 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Cowley, A.; et al, A study of the bright A stars. I. A catalogue of spectral classifications, Astronomical Journal, April 1969, 74: 375–406, Bibcode:1969AJ.....74..375C, doi:10.1086/110819 
  4. ^ Wielen, R.; et al, Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions, Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb (Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg), 1999, 35 (35): 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W 
  5. ^ Eggen, Olin J., The Sirius Supercluster and Missing Mass near the Sun, The Astronomical Journal, August 1998, 116 (2): 782–788, Bibcode:1998AJ....116..782E, doi:10.1086/300465可免费查阅. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Shaya, Ed J.; Olling, Rob P., Very Wide Binaries and Other Comoving Stellar Companions: A Bayesian Analysis of the Hipparcos Catalogue, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, January 2011, 192 (1): 2, Bibcode:2011ApJS..192....2S, S2CID 119226823, arXiv:1007.0425可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/1/2 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Malagnini, M. L.; Morossi, C., Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, November 1990, 85 (3): 1015–1019, Bibcode:1990A&AS...85.1015M 
  8. ^ Royer, F.; et al, Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i in the northern hemisphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2002, 393 (3): 897–911, Bibcode:2002A&A...393..897R, S2CID 14070763, arXiv:astro-ph/0205255可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020943 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Wyatt, M. C.; et al, Steady State Evolution of Debris Disks around A Stars, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2007, 663 (1): 365–382, Bibcode:2007ApJ...663..365W, S2CID 18883195, arXiv:astro-ph/0703608可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/518404 
  10. ^ MEGREZ -- Variable Star, SIMBAD (Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg), [2012-02-04], (原始内容存档于2016-04-08) 
  11. ^ Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations 2nd rev. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2006. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7. 
  12. ^ IAU Catalog of Star Names. [2016-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-07). 
  13. ^ The Colour of Stars, Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), 2004-12-21 [2012-01-16], (原始内容存档于2012-03-18) 
  14. ^ Mason, Brian D.; Wycoff, Gary L.; Hartkopf, William I.; Douglass, Geoffrey G.; Worley, Charles E. The 2001 US Naval Observatory Double Star CD-ROM. I. The Washington Double Star Catalog. The Astronomical Journal. 2001, 122 (6): 3466. Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M. doi:10.1086/323920可免费查阅. 
  15. ^ King, Jeremy R.; et al, Stellar Kinematic Groups. II. A Reexamination of the Membership, Activity, and Age of the Ursa Major Group, The Astronomical Journal, April 2003, 125 (4): 1980–2017 [2022-05-19], Bibcode:2003AJ....125.1980K, doi:10.1086/368241可免费查阅, (原始内容存档于2020-11-05) 
  16. ^ Kunitzch, Paul; Smart, Tim. A Dictionary of Modern Star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Publishing Corporation. 2006: 56, 62 [1986]. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7. 
  17. ^ Allen, R. H. Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning需要免费注册 Reprint. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 1963: 438 [2012-09-04]. ISBN 0-486-21079-0. 
  18. ^ (中文) AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育资讯网 2006 年 6 月 15 日页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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天权
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