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劳亚兽总目

劳亚兽总目
化石时期:65–0 Ma[1][2] 分子钟推定:76 Ma,还推定了可能更早的时期:91 Ma
白垩纪晚期 → 现代分子钟
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
下纲: 真兽下纲 Eutheria
演化支 有胎盘类 Placentalia
高目: 北方真兽高目 Boreoeutheria
总目: 劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria
Waddell et al., 1999[3]
主要分支

劳亚兽总目学名:Laurasiatheria)是通过分析对比 DNA 序列反转录转座子标记英语Retrotransposon marker而成立的一个哺乳动物演化支,隶属有胎盘类下的北方真兽高目,现存种类包括鼩鼱刺猬蝙蝠穿山甲食肉目奇蹄动物偶蹄动物鲸类[3],为哺乳纲中最大的总目级单位。“劳亚兽”一词是指此类哺乳动物起源于9100[2]–7600[1]万年前北半球劳亚大陆,并在劳亚大陆演化扩散[3]

系统发生

根据分子遗传学的研究结果,劳亚兽总目和其他真兽类的亲缘关系可能如下:

 真兽下纲 
北方真兽高目

 劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria

 灵长总目 Euarchontoglires

 Boreoeutheria 
大西洋真兽高目

 异关节总目 Xenarthra

 非洲兽总目 Afrotheria

 Atlantogenata 
Eutheria

根据大部分学者认可的猛兽有蹄类学说,劳亚兽总目内部的演化关系可能如下(基于线粒体 DNA核 DNA 蛋白质特征构建):[2][4][5]

北方真兽高目

 真魁兽啮型总目 Euarchontoglires

劳亚兽总目

 真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla

 有阴囊类 

 翼手目 Chiroptera

猛兽有蹄类
猛兽类

 鳞甲目 Pholidota

 食肉目 Carnivora

Ferae
真有蹄类

 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla

 鲸偶蹄目 Cetartiodactyla

 Euungulata 
 Ferungulata 
 Scrotifera 
 Laurasiatheria 
 Boreoeutheria 

下级分类

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J. & Yang, Ziheng. Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2012, 279 (1742): 3491–3500. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3396900可免费查阅. PMID 22628470. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya & Yang, Guang. Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals. Systematic Biology英语Systematic Biology. 2011, 61 (1): 150–164. PMC 3243735可免费查阅. PMID 21900649. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro & Hasegawa, Masami. Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals. Systematic Biology英语Systematic Biology. 1999, 48 (1): 1–5. PMID 12078634. doi:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1. 
  4. ^ Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J.; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J.A. & Rossiter, S.J. Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats. Current Biology. 2013, 23 (22): 2262–2267. PMID 24184098. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Morgan, C.C.; Foster, P.G.; Webb, A.E.; Pisani, D.; McInerney, J.O. & O'Connell, M.J. Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Molecular Biology and Evolution英语Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2013, 30 (9): 2145–2256. PMC 3748356可免费查阅. PMID 23813979. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst117. 
  6. ^ 孟津, 王元青, 李传夔. 中国古脊椎动物志: 第三卷–基干下孔类· 哺乳类: 第二册 (总第十五册)–原始哺乳类. 北京: 科学出版社. 2015. ISBN 978-7-03-046741-6. 

延伸阅读

  • Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari & Farris, James S. Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups. Cladistics英语Cladistics (journal). 2009, 25 (3): 211–230. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x. 
  • Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Teeling, Emma; Ryder, Oliver A.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W. & Springer, Mark S. Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics. Science. 2001, 294 (5550): 2348–2351. Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M. PMID 11743200. doi:10.1126/science.1067179. 
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劳亚兽总目
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