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兔冠状病毒HKU14

兔冠状病毒HKU14
病毒分类 编辑
(未分级) 病毒 Virus
域: 核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界: 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门: 小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲: 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目: 套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科: 冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属: 乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus
种:
兔冠状病毒HKU14 Rabbit Coronavirus HKU14

兔冠状病毒HKU14(Rabbit Coronavirus HKU14、RbCoV HKU14)是乙型冠状病毒属的一种病毒,在中国广州市场中的家兔体内被发现,于2012年由香港大学的研究人员发表[1]

分类

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兔冠状病毒HKU14与乙型冠状病毒1型鼠冠状病毒人类冠状病毒HKU1中国鼠冠状病毒HKU24皆是乙型冠状病毒属支序A(lineage A)的病毒,此演化支的病毒基因组中皆编码血细胞凝集素酯酶英语Hemagglutinin esterase(HE),其他冠状病毒则无[2][3]。支序A中兔冠状病毒HKU14与乙型冠状病毒1型的关系接近(较中国鼠冠状病毒HKU24与乙型冠状病毒1型的关系更为接近),因复制酶保守区域的氨基酸序列相似度小于90%而被认定是独立物种[1],不过仍有研究者将其视为乙型冠状病毒1型的一个分型[4]分子钟分析显示兔冠状病毒HKU14是较近期才起源的病毒,可能于2002年左右才由共同祖先分支[1]

基因组

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兔冠状病毒HKU14的基因组约长31000nt,编码冠状病毒皆有的复制酶(1a/1b)和刺突蛋白(S)、膜蛋白(M)、外膜蛋白(E)与衣壳蛋白(N)等四种结构蛋白,另外还有血细胞凝集素酯酶英语Hemagglutinin esterase(HE)以及NS2a和NS5a两种辅助蛋白,其基因顺序为1ab-NS2a-HE-S-NS5a-E-M-N。乙型冠状病毒属支序A的病毒除人类冠状病毒HKU1外,在1ab与HE间都有编码辅助蛋白NS2a,不过兔冠状病毒HKU14的NS2a并非像支序A的其他病毒一样是单一开放阅读框,而是断裂成3–4个较小的开放阅读框[1]

其他兔冠状病毒

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1961年有北欧科学家发现用来培养梅毒螺旋体的兔子被未知病原感染,并偶尔造成死亡,1970年代此感染的死亡率一度高达七成,后来约翰霍普金斯大学研究证实此病原为冠状病毒,但初步实验结果显示此病毒应属甲型冠状病毒属,和兔冠状病毒HKU14无关[1][5]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lau, S. K. P.; Woo, P. C. Y.; Yip, C. C. Y.; Fan, R. Y. Y.; Huang, Y.; Wang, M.; Guo, R.; Lam, C. S. F.; Tsang, A. K. L.; Lai, K. K. Y.; Chan, K.-H.; Che, X.-Y.; Zheng, B.-J.; Yuen, K.-Y. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Betacoronavirus Subgroup A Coronavirus, Rabbit Coronavirus HKU14, from Domestic Rabbits. Journal of Virology. 2012, 86 (10): 5481–5496. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.06927-11. 
  2. ^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung. Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. Viruses. 2010-08-24, 2 (8): 1804–1820. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738可免费查阅. PMID 21994708. doi:10.3390/v2081803. In all members of Betacoronavirus subgroup A, a haemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene, which encodes a glycoprotein with neuraminate O-acetyl-esterase activity and the active site FGDS, is present downstream to ORF1ab and upstream to S gene (Figure 1). 
  3. ^ Lau, Susanna K. P.; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Li, Kenneth S. M.; Tsang, Alan K. L.; Fan, Rachel Y. Y.; Luk, Hayes K. H.; Cai, Jian-Piao; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Zheng, Bo-Jian; Wang, Ming; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Sandri-Goldin, R. M. Discovery of a Novel Coronavirus, China Rattus Coronavirus HKU24, from Norway Rats Supports the Murine Origin of Betacoronavirus 1 and Has Implications for the Ancestor of Betacoronavirus Lineage A. Journal of Virology. 2015, 89 (6): 3076–3092. ISSN 0022-538X. doi:10.1128/JVI.02420-14. 
  4. ^ Bakkers, Mark J.G.; Lang, Yifei; Feitsma, Louris J.; Hulswit, Ruben J.G.; de Poot, Stefanie A.H.; van Vliet, Arno L.W.; Margine, Irina; de Groot-Mijnes, Jolanda D.F.; van Kuppeveld, Frank J.M.; Langereis, Martijn A.; Huizinga, Eric G.; de Groot, Raoul J. Betacoronavirus Adaptation to Humans Involved Progressive Loss of Hemagglutinin-Esterase Lectin Activity. Cell Host & Microbe. 2017, 21 (3): 356–366. ISSN 1931-3128. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.008. 
  5. ^ Small, J. David; Woods, Robert D. Relatedness of Rabbit Coronavirus to Other Coronaviruses 218: 521–527. 1987. ISSN 0065-2598. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_68. 
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兔冠状病毒HKU14
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