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雪貂冠状病毒

雪貂冠状病毒
病毒分类 编辑
(未分级) 病毒 Virus
域: 核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界: 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门: 小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲: 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目: 套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科: 冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属: 甲型冠状病毒属 Alphacoronavirus
种:
雪貂冠状病毒 Ferret coronavirus
病毒
  • 雪貂肠冠状病毒(FRECV)
  • 雪貂全身性冠状病毒(FRSCV)

雪貂冠状病毒(Ferret coronavirus)是甲型冠状病毒属的一种病毒,可感染雪貂,分为雪貂肠冠状病毒(FRECV)与雪貂全身性冠状病毒(FRSCV)两型。此病毒与水鼬冠状病毒(MCoV)关系接近,可能共同组成一物种甲型冠状病毒2型Alphacoronavirus 2)。

感染

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雪貂冠状病毒造成的感染可分为两类,一是雪貂肠冠状病毒(ferret enteric coronavirus、FRECV)造成的流行性卡它性肠炎(Epizootic catarrhal enteritis、ECE),一是雪貂全身性冠状病毒(ferret systemic coronavirus、FRSCV)则造成类似猫传染性腹膜炎的症状[1][2]

雪貂肠冠状病毒

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流行性卡它性肠炎最早于1993年3月在美国东岸被报导,最明显的症状为鲜绿色的腹泻,因此又被称为绿色黏液病(green slime disease),此疾病的传染力很强,但致死率一般低于5%,在年长的雪貂中症状较严重。研究人员以电子显微镜观察被感染雪貂的肠细胞,发现了冠状病毒颗粒,后来序列分析显示此病毒属于甲型冠状病毒属,即雪貂肠冠状病毒(FRECV),且在该属中,此病毒的亲缘关系与甲型冠状病毒一型猫冠状病毒犬冠状病毒猪传染性胃肠炎病毒)的关系较为接近,与猪流行性腹泻病毒人类冠状病毒229E的关系较远[1]

雪貂全身性冠状病毒

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2004年西班牙首先报导了雪貂中类似猫传染性腹膜炎的疾病,不久后美国亦发现此疾病,后续研究显示此感染是冠状病毒造成,即雪貂全身性冠状病毒(FRSCV),且此病毒与雪貂肠冠状病毒的关系较与同属其他病毒的关系接近。此疾病的症状包括腹泻、倦怠、呕吐、食欲不振、体重减轻等肠胃症状,以及下肢局部麻痹英语paresis共济失调震颤癫痫等神经性症状[1]

基因组

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雪貂肠冠状病毒(FRECV)的基因组约长28500nt,除冠状病毒皆有的复制酶和刺突蛋白(S)、膜蛋白(M)、外膜蛋白(E)与衣壳蛋白(N)等四种结构蛋白外,此病毒在刺突蛋白与外膜蛋白的基因有一开放阅读框,编码一辅助蛋白3c,另外在基因组的最3端(衣壳蛋白基因的下游)还有两个开放阅读框,编码3x与7b等两个辅助蛋白[3]。序列分析显示甲型冠状病毒属中,雪貂冠状病毒与水鼬冠状病毒(mink coronavirus、MCoV)的关系较为接近,两者可能组成同一物种,即甲型冠状病毒2型(Alphacoronavirus 2[4]。水鼬冠状病毒在衣壳蛋白序列下游除3x与7b外,还编码了一辅助蛋白7a,不见于雪貂冠状病毒中[3]

分类

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雪貂冠状病毒与水鼬冠状病毒共同组成甲型冠状病毒2型(Alphacoronavirus 2),在甲型冠状病毒属中,甲型冠状病毒2型可能是甲型冠状病毒1型姊妹群,与同属其他病毒的关系则较远[5]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Murray, Jerry; Kiupel, Matti; Maes, Roger K. Ferret Coronavirus-Associated Diseases. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 2010, 13 (3): 543–560. ISSN 1094-9194. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.05.010. 
  2. ^ Christopher R Autieri, Cassandra L Miller, Kathleen E Scott, Alexandra Kilgore, Victoria A Papscoe, Michael M Garner, Jennifer L Haupt, Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu, Sureshkumar Muthupalani, James G Fox. Systemic Coronaviral Disease in 5 Ferrets 65 (6). Comparative Medicine: 508-516. 2015. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Li, Tian-Cheng; Yoshizaki, Sayaka; Kataoka, Michiyo; Doan, Yen Hai; Ami, Yasushi; Suzaki, Yuriko; Nakamura, Tomofumi; Takeda, Naokazu; Wakita, Takaji. Determination of Ferret Enteric Coronavirus Genome in Laboratory Ferrets. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017, 23 (9): 1568–1570. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2309.160215. 
  4. ^ Vlasova, Anastasia N.; Halpin, Rebecca; Wang, Shiliang; Ghedin, Elodie; Spiro, David J.; Saif, Linda J. Molecular characterization of a new species in the genus Alphacoronavirus associated with mink epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis. Journal of General Virology. 2011, 92 (6): 1369–1379. ISSN 0022-1317. doi:10.1099/vir.0.025353-0. 
  5. ^ Whittaker, Gary R.; André, Nicole M.; Millet, Jean Kaoru; Fernandez-Sesma, Ana. Improving Virus Taxonomy by Recontextualizing Sequence-Based Classification with Biologically Relevant Data: the Case of theAlphacoronavirus 1Species. mSphere. 2018, 3 (1). ISSN 2379-5042. doi:10.1128/mSphereDirect.00463-17. 
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雪貂冠状病毒
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