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亚非语系

亚非语系
非亚语系
地理分布非洲之角北非中非北部、西非北部、西南亚
谱系学分类世界主要语系之一
分支
埃及语 (已灭绝)
语言代码
ISO 639-2 / 5afa
Glottologafro1255[1]

亚非语系,又称非亚语系,全称亚细亚-阿非罗语系,旧称闪米特-含米特语系(省称闪含语系)[2][3],是现今世界的主要语系之一,包含300种语言[4],主要分布在亚洲西部的阿拉伯半岛非洲北部和非洲之角。全球有5亿人母语为亚非语系语言,使之成为世界上母语人口第4多的语系,位在印欧语系汉藏语系尼日尔-刚果语系之后[5]。亚非语系包括六个不同的语族柏柏尔语族乍得语族闪米特语族库希特语族奥摩语族和已灭绝的埃及语族。亚非语系中使用人数最多的语言是现代标准阿拉伯语,而如果包括所有阿拉伯语变体的母语人口在内,亚非语系的“阿拉伯语”共有3.1亿人作为母语,广泛分布在西亚、北非和东非地区[6]。其他广泛使用的亚非语系语言还包括豪萨语[7]奥罗莫语阿姆哈拉语索马里语希伯来语[8]提格里尼亚语卡拜尔语亚拉姆语[9][10]和中阿特拉斯柏柏尔语[11]。除上述的现存主要语言之外,许多具有极大历史价值的已灭绝语言也属于亚非语系,如埃及语阿卡德语、圣经希伯来语和古亚拉姆语等。

名称

蓝色部分为闪含语系在非洲分布图

亚非语系旧称闪含语系或闪米特-含米特语系,是从《圣经》的传说中,挪亚的两个儿子的名字来源的,圣经说他的儿子希伯来人亚述人的祖先,另一个儿子是非洲人的祖先[12]

特征

亚非语系的语言主要的共同特征是:

分支

其分支为

参看

参考文献

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Afro-Asiatic. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ Katzner, Kenneth. The Languages of the World. Routledge. 2002: 27 [20 December 2017]. ISBN 1134532881. 
  3. ^ Robert Hetzron, "Afroasiatic Languages" in Bernard Comrie, The World's Major Languages, 2009, ISBN 113426156X, p. 545
  4. ^ Browse by Language Family. ethnologue.com. [14 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-05). 
  5. ^ Summary by language family. ethnologue.com. [14 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-01). 
  6. ^ Arabic. ethnologue.com. [14 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-05). 
  7. ^ Hausa. ethnologue.com. [14 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-03). 
  8. ^ Dekel, Nurit. Colloquial Israeli Hebrew: A Corpus-based Survey. De Gruyter. 2014 [2018-07-26]. ISBN 978-3-11-037725-5. (原始内容存档于2019-05-13). 
  9. ^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Northeastern Neo-Aramaic". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  10. ^ Beyer, Klaus; John F. Healey (trans.) (1986). The Aramaic Language: its distribution and subdivisions. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. p. 44. ISBN 3-525-53573-2.
  11. ^ Tamazight, Central Atlas. Ethnologue. [18 October 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-06). 
  12. ^ 聖經靈修版 和合本. 汉语圣经协会. : P26. 

外部链接

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亚非语系
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