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桑朗语群

桑朗语群
Koro-Holon
地理分布阿鲁纳恰尔邦
谱系学分类汉藏语系
分支
Glottologkoro1317[1]

桑朗语群阿鲁纳恰尔邦一群可能属于汉藏语系的语言,包括克罗语米浪语

系属分类

米浪语虽然经历过巴潭语(达尼语支语言)的强烈影响,仍可被视作是达尼语支语言(Post & Blench 2011)。克罗语受到鲁苏语影响(Post & Blench 2011)。不过,米浪语和克罗语不与达尼语和鲁苏语支有关。

不清楚桑朗语群究竟属于汉藏语系还是自成一语系。Post & Blench (2011)注意到桑朗语群有未知来源的底层,认为桑朗语群自成一语系。Anderson (2014)[2]将桑朗语群称为克罗-Holon语群,认为其属于汉藏语系。

大桑朗语群

大桑朗语群
proposed
地理分布阿鲁纳恰尔邦
谱系学分类汉藏语系或自成一语系
分支
桑朗语群
Glottologmacr1268[3]
mish1241[4]

Roger Blench (2014)假定了一个大桑朗语群,包括义都-达让语支和前达尼语,即达尼语支在受汉藏语强烈影响前所说的语言。

构拟

Post & Blench (2011)

下列原始桑朗语形式来自Mark Post & Roger Blench (2011:8-9),是不与原始达尼语共享的桑朗语群特有词。

词义 原始桑朗语 克罗语 米浪语
(否定后缀) *-ŋa -ŋa -ŋə
(意愿后缀) *-mi -mi -mi
*ram ram
知道 *fu fu hu
蚂蚁 *paŋ pa-su paŋ-kər
*co co-le a-cu
*bu u-bu da-bu
*raɲ(u?) ra-ɲu
*caŋ sa-pu caŋ-ci
半边臀部 *kɨ-ruŋ kɨɻ ki-ruŋ
pus脓 *a-nɨ i-ni a-nɨ
一天 *nə me-ne a-nə
*mə me-ne mə-ruŋ[5]
7 *roŋ(al) raŋal
8 *ra-ljaŋ rã-la rajəŋ
10 *faŋ fã-lã haŋ-tak
*rak-pu rak-pa ra-pu
祖父 *abo- + 'old man' abo-murzi a-bə (bu-ku ~ ma-zaŋ)
祖母 *adze- + 'old woman' aje-mɨsiŋ a-dzi (dzi-ku)
*bu-pi bu-pi bu-pi
*ba-nə ba-n(e) ba-nə
*kjo ko cu
*fu fu a-hu
*cu-ci cu-ci ci-ci
什么 *hVgV-nV (h)igi-na ha-ga-nu
*p(j?)u pu a-pu
稻田 *kɨ ki-raka du-kɨ
绿 *ja-caŋ jã-ca jə-caŋ
*u(-ŋa?) u-ŋa u-lee
*a-Co o-fo a-u
*raŋ ne-raŋ ta-pɨr[6]
*ŋin i-ŋi man[7]
告诉l *pu pu-s(u) po-lu

Modi (2013)

Modi (2013)[8]列出下列原始桑朗语词汇,附以米浪语、克罗语、义都语、达让语和原始达尼语形式。不在Post & Blench (2011)中的同源词有“黑、房子、盐、脂、今天”。

词义 原始桑朗语 克罗语 米浪语 达让语 义都语 原始达尼语
今天 *V-ne se-ne ɨ-nə a tia-n̥n e tia-ɲi *si-lo
7 *roŋ(al) ra-ŋal weŋ, ɨ-eŋ i-ɦoŋ *kV-nV(t), *kV-nɨt
*raɲ(u?) ra-ɲu kru-naŋ akru-na, ako-na *ɲa(-ruŋ), *ɲo
*ram ram haŋ haŋ *bi
*rak-pu rak-pa ra-pu pa e-pa *əgɨŋ
8 *ra-ljaŋ rãla ra-jɛŋ liɨm i-lioŋ *pri-ɲi
*pu plo ta-pu pla pra *lo
*paŋ pa-su paŋ-kər paː-chai pa-si *ruk
一天 *nə me-ne a-nə kɨ-n i-ni *lo
房子 *Noŋ ŋɨn a-ɲuk *kum
*mə me-ne mə-ruŋ rɨn rɨŋ, rɨn *doŋ-ɲi
*ma ma je-gjaŋ ma ma
*ljo lap(l)õ je-cci lio lio *pun, *puŋ
*kje ki-raka du-kɨ kie ke *am-bwn
*fu fu ahu hui a bra li *ɦə(ŋ)
*fu fu hu ka-sa ka-sa *ken
*fo fõ, u-fu a-hu ta-so so *fu
10 *faŋ fã-lã haŋ-tak xa-lɨŋ hoŋ-ɦoŋ *cam, *(r)jiŋ
*cu-ci cuci cici a(ː)-tei meto cu *pɨ
家禽/鸡 *co co-le a-cu tiu me-to *rok
*caŋ sa-pu caŋ-ci tʰɨ-rɨm-bram, thɨ-rɨn tʰɨ-ram-bram, eko-be *gam (*nap)
*bu-pi bu-pi sa-pi ta-pi a-pi sulli (巴潭语)
*ba-nə ba-ne ba-nə bɨ-liɨŋ bɨ-ɲi *mə-lo

另见

参考与注释

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Koro–Holon. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ 引用错误:没有为名为Anderson2014的参考文献提供内容
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Macro-Tani. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  4. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Digarish. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  5. ^ Means 'sun'; also, Milang has a-mə 'sunlight'.
  6. ^ 来自原始达尼语*pɨr
  7. ^ 来自原始达尼语*min
  8. ^ Modi, Yankee. 2013. The nearest relatives of the Tani group. Paper presented at the 19th Himalayan Languages Symposium, Canberra, Australia.

书目

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