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氯化亚铬

氯化亚铬
IUPAC名
Chromium(II) chloride
别名 二氯化铬
识别
CAS号 10049-05-5(无水)  checkY
13931-94-7(四水)  checkY
PubChem 24871
ChemSpider 23252
SMILES
 
  • Cl[Cr]Cl
InChI
 
  • 1/2ClH.Cr/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-NUQVWONBAQ
RTECS GB5250000
性质
化学式 Cl2Cr
摩尔质量 122.9 g·mol−1
外观 白色到灰绿色固体(无水), 非常吸湿
气味 无臭
密度 2.88 g/cm3 (24 °C)[1]
熔点 824 °C(1,097 K)(无水)
51 °C(124 °F;324 K)(四水,分解)[1]
沸点 1,302 °C(1,575 K)(无水)[1]
溶解性 可溶[1]
溶解性 不可溶于酒精, 乙醚
pKa 2
磁化率 +7230·10−6 cm3/mol
结构
晶体结构 Orthorhombic (deformed rutile, 无水), oP6[2]
单斜晶系 (四水) [3]
空间群 Pnnm, No. 58 (anhydrous)[2]
P21/c, No. 14 (tetrahydrate)[3]
晶格常数 a = 6.64 Å, b = 5.98 Å, c = 3.48 Å (无水)[2]
晶格常数 α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
配位几何 Octahedral (Cr2+, 无水)[2]
热力学
ΔfHm298K −395.4 kJ/mol[1]
S298K 115.3 J/mol·K[1]
热容 71.2 J/mol·K[1]
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有害物质的标签图案[4]
GHS提示词 警告
H-术语 H302, H315, H319, H335[4]
P-术语 P261, P305+351+338[4]
NFPA 704
0
2
1
 
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
1870 mg/kg (大鼠,口服) [5]
相关物质
其他阴离子 二氟化铬
二溴化铬
二碘化铬
其他阳离子 氯化铬
四氯化铬
二氯化钼
二氯化钨
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氯化亚铬是一种无机化合物化学式 CrCl2(H2O)n。无水的氯化亚铬是一种白色固体,但因为有杂质而变成灰绿色。氯化亚铬的四水合物 Cr(H2O)4Cl2是一种亮蓝色的固体。氯化亚铬没有商业用途,但已在实验室有规模的用于合成其他铬配合物。

制备

[编辑]

CrCl2 可以由氯化铬在500 °C被氢气还原而成:

2 CrCl3 + H2 → 2 CrCl2 + 2 HCl

或通过电解而成。[6]

小规模合成氯化亚铬可以由LiAlH4或其他还原剂还原 CrCl3而成:

4 CrCl3 + LiAlH4 → 4 CrCl2 + LiCl + AlCl3 + 2 H2
2 CrCl3 + Zn → 2 CrCl2 + ZnCl2

CrCl2 也可以由醋酸亚铬和氯化氢化合而成:[7]

Cr2(OAc)4 + 4 HCl → 2 CrCl2 + 4 AcOH

反应

[编辑]

Cr3+ + e- ⇌ Cr 2+还原电位为-0.41。由于在酸性条件下H+还原为H2的电势为+0.00,因此亚铬离子具有足够的电势将酸还原为氢,尽管没有催化剂就不能反应。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Lide, David R. (编). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 90th. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press英语CRC Press. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Tracy, Joseph W.; Gregory, N.W.; Lingafelter, E.C.; Dunitz, J.D.; Mez, H.-C.; Rundle, R.E.; Scheringer, Christian; Yakel, H.L.; Wilkinson, M.K. The crystal structure of chromium(II) chloride. Acta Crystallographica. 1961, 4 (9): 927–929. doi:10.1107/S0365110X61002710. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Schnering, H.G. von; Brand, B.-H. Struktur und Eigenschaften des blauen Chrom(II)-chlorid-tetrahydrats CrCl2.4H2O. Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 1973, 402 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1002/zaac.19734020206. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 来源:Sigma-Aldrich Co., Chromium(II) chloride (2014-07-04查阅).
  5. ^ MSDS of Chromium(II) chloride. fishersci.ca. Fisher Scientific. [2014-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-14). 
  6. ^ Holah, D. G.; Fackler, Jr. John P. Anhydrous Chromium(II) Chloride. Inorg. Synth. 1967, 10: 26-35. doi:10.1002/9780470132418.ch4. 
  7. ^ Riley, edited by Georg Brauer ; translated by Scripta Technica, Inc. Translation editor Reed F. Handbook of preparative inorganic chemistry. Volume 1 2nd. New York, N.Y.: Academic Press. 1963: 1337. ISBN 978-0121266011. 
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氯化亚铬
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