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氮化铬

氮化铬
IUPAC名
Chromium nitride
别名 氮化铬(III)
识别
CAS号 24094-93-7  checkY
PubChem 90362
ChemSpider 81581
SMILES
 
  • [Cr]#N
InChI
 
  • 1/Cr.N/rCrN/c1-2
InChIKey CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-NIYUYJRQAK
性质
化学式 CrN
摩尔质量 66.003 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 黑色粉末
密度 5.9 g/cm3[1]
熔点 1770 ˚C(分解)[2]
溶解性 不溶
热力学
ΔfHm298K −117.15 kJ/mol [3]
S298K 37.75 J K−1 mol−1 [3]
危险性
闪点 不可燃
PEL TWA 1 mg/m3[4]
相关物质
相关化学品 氮化二铬
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氮化铬是一种无机化合物,由组成,化学式 CrN。它非常硬,抗腐蚀性也很强。它是一种间隙化合物英语interstitial compound,其中的氮原子填充于铬原子组成的八面体缝隙中。[2]因此,它不是严格意义上的铬(III)化合物,也不含氮离子 (N3−)。铬还有另一种间隙氮化物——一氮化二铬 Cr2N。

制备

氮化铬可以由在 800 °C 下氮气和铬直接反应而成:[5]

它也可以由氯化铬反应而成:[5]

应用

CrN 可用作涂层材料以提高耐腐蚀性,并用于金属和塑料的成型应用。[6] CrN 也常用于医疗植入物和工具。 CrN 还是多组分涂层系统(如 CrAlN)中的重要组分,可使切削刀具变得坚硬、耐磨。[7]

天然存在

氮化铬以罕见的carlsbergite英语carlsbergite的形式,存在于一些陨石中。[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ Ans, J.; Lax, E.; Blachnik, R. Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker. Taschenbuch für Chemiker and Physiker. Springer. 1997: 400 [2021-09-19]. ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0. (原始内容存档于2016-04-09) (德语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon. 1984: 480. ISBN 0-08-022057-6. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 chromium nitride. NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. [2021-09-19].
  4. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0141. NIOSH. . Chromium metal. CDC. [2021-09-19].
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Georg Brauer (Hrsg.) u. a.: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band III, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-432-87823-0, S. 1494.
  6. ^ Vetter, J. Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application. Surface and Coatings Technology (Elsevier BV). 1995, 76–77: 719–724. ISSN 0257-8972. doi:10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9. 
  7. ^ Reiter, A.E.; Derflinger, V.H.; Hanselmann, B.; Bachmann, T.; Sartory, B. Investigation of the properties of Al1−xCrxN coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation. Surface and Coatings Technology (Elsevier BV). 2005, 200 (7): 2114–2122. ISSN 0257-8972. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043. 
  8. ^ Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities. Mindat.org. [2020-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-21). 
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氮化铬
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