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佛陀名号列表

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佛教宇宙观认为,世界有无数无尽的佛陀依次出世传法。在我们的娑婆世界中,现在所处的时代叫贤劫,有千佛出世,过去叫庄严劫,也有千佛出世。拘留孙佛为贤劫千佛之第一佛,释迦牟尼佛为贤劫千佛之第四佛,而拘留孙佛之前,则是庄严劫出世的佛陀。过去庄严劫最后出世的三佛,与现在贤劫最先出世的四佛,合称为“(过去)七佛”,为离我们现在时间最近、依次出世的七尊佛陀[1]南传上座部佛教还有“二十八佛”之称,见于《佛种姓经》。

过去七佛雕像
缅甸仰光的二十八佛

三宝佛

五方佛和十方佛

  • 五方佛:中央毗卢遮那佛、东方 阿閦佛、南方宝生佛、西方阿弥陀佛、北方不空成就佛
  • 十方佛,一般指:东方善德佛、东南无忧德佛、南方旃檀德佛、西南宝施佛(宝胜佛)、西方无量明佛(阿弥陀佛)、西北华德佛、北方相德佛、东北方三乘行佛、上方广众德佛、下方明德佛

过去七佛

释迦牟尼佛曾列举过娑婆世界过去世的六尊佛,加上释迦牟尼佛(乔达摩),称为过去七佛。

  1. 毗婆尸佛
  2. 尸弃佛
  3. 毗舍婆佛
  4. 拘留孙佛
  5. 拘那含佛
  6. 迦叶佛
  7. 释迦牟尼佛

根据经文记载,弥勒菩萨已经升到兜率天内院净土,等待着下生成佛,名叫弥勒佛[2]

二十九佛

上座部佛教转述过去二十五佛,后发展为二十七佛,加上释迦牟尼佛,称为“二十八佛”[3],再加当来下生弥勒佛,共称“二十九佛”。

那体慧Richard Gombrich英语Richard Gombrich等学者认为,“过去二十五佛”可能是要与耆那教竞争而提出来的,因为耆那教有一套相当明确的二十四位宗师底里坦迦罗(Tīrthaṅkara)的体系,很可能是在西元前二三世纪时,作为二十五佛来源的《佛种姓经》完成了编辑和入藏[4]。其中,过去七佛在很多经藏中都能见到,提舍佛(Tiṣya)和弗沙佛(Puṣya)也见于《大悲经》,仅有这九尊佛陀常见于多本经典。

巴利语佛号[5][6][7] 梵语佛号 汉译名 种姓[6][7] 诞生地[6][7] 父母[6][7] 菩提树种[6][7][8]
1 Taṇhaṅkara Tṛṣṇaṃkara 除渴爱佛泰语พระตัณหังกรพุทธเจ้า[9] 刹帝利 Popphavadi King Sunandha, and Queen Sunandhaa Rukkaththana
2 Medhaṅkara Medhaṃkara 用智能佛泰语พระเมธังกรพุทธเจ้า[10] Yaghara Sudheva, and Yasodhara Kaela
3 Saraṇaṅkara Śaraṇaṃkara 归依佛泰语พระสรณังกรพุทธเจ้า[11]
(萨罗难迦罗佛、总持佛、作救护佛)
Vipula Sumangala, and Yasavathi Pulila
4 Dīpaṃkara Dīpaṃkara 燃灯佛[12]
(锭光佛、定光佛)
婆罗门 Rammavatinagara Sudheva, and Sumedhaya Pipphala
5 Koṇḍañña Kauṇḍinya 智调佛[13]
(和㤭陈如同词)
刹帝利 Rammavatinagara Sunanda, and Sujata Salakalyana
6 Maṅgala Maṅgala 吉祥佛英语Maṅgala Buddha[14] 婆罗门[15] Uttaranagara (Majhimmadesa) Uttara, and Uttara a naga
7 Sumana Sumanas 善意佛泰语พระสุมนพุทธเจ้า[16] 刹帝利[15] Mekhalanagara Sudassana and Sirima a naga
8 Revata[17] Raivata 离婆多佛泰语พระเรวตพุทธเจ้า[18] 婆罗门[15] Sudhannavatinagara Vipala and Vipula a naga
9 Sobhita Śobhita 光耀佛泰语พระโสภิตพุทธเจ้า[19] 刹帝利[15] Sudhammanagara Sudhammanagara (father) and Sudhammanagara (mother) a naga
10 Anomadassi Anavamadarśin 超见佛英语Anomadassi Buddha[20] 婆罗门[15] Chandavatinagara Yasava and Yasodara ajjuna
11 Paduma[21] Padma 莲花佛泰语พระปทุมุตรพุทธเจ้า[22] 刹帝利[15] Champayanagara Asama, and Asama salala
12 Nārada Nārada 那罗陀佛泰语พระนารทพุทธเจ้า Dhammavatinagara King Sudheva and Anopama sonaka
13 Padumuttara[23] Padmottara 胜莲华(花)佛英语Padumuttara Buddha[24] 刹帝利 Hansavatinagara Anurula, and Sujata salala
14 Sumedha Sumedha 善慧佛英语Sumedha Buddha[25] 刹帝利 Sudasananagara Sumedha (father), and Sumedha (mother) nipa
15 Sujāta Sujāta 善生佛英语Sujāta Buddha[26] Sumangalanagara Uggata, and Pabbavati velu
16 Piyadassi[27] Priyadarśin 喜见佛泰语พระปิยทัสสีพุทธเจ้า[28] Sudannanagara Sudata, and Subaddha kakudha
17 Atthadassi Arthadarśin 义见佛泰语พระอัตถทัสสีพุทธเจ้า[29] 刹帝利 Sonanagara Sagara and Sudassana champa
18 Dhammadassī Dharmadarśin 法见佛泰语พระธรรมทัสสีพุทธเจ้า[30] 刹帝利 Surananagara Suranamaha, and Sunanada bimbajala
19 Siddhattha Siddhārtha[31] 成就义佛泰语พระสิทธัตถพุทธเจ้า
(和悉达多同词)
Vibharanagara Udeni, and Suphasa kanihani
20 Tissa Tiṣya 提舍佛 Khemanagara Janasando, and Paduma assana
21 Phussa[32] Puṣya 弗沙佛 刹帝利 Kāśi Jayasena, and Siremaya amalaka
22 Vipassī Vipaśyin 毗婆尸佛[33]
(超见佛、善观佛)
刹帝利 Bandhuvatinagara Vipassi (father), and Vipassi (mother) 波吒釐树(婆罗树)
patali
23 Sikhī Śikhin 尸弃佛[34]
(顶髻佛)
刹帝利 Arunavattinagara Arunavatti, and Paphavatti 芬陀利树
pundariko
24 Vessabhū Viśvabhū 毗舍婆佛[35]
(毘舍浮佛、毗shè浮佛)
刹帝利 Anupamanagara Suppalittha, and Yashavati 娑罗树
sala
25 Kakusandha Krakucchanda 拘留孙佛[36]
(具峰佛)
婆罗门 Khemavatinagara Agidatta the purohitta Brahman of King Khema, and Visakha 利沙树[37]
airisa
26 Koṇāgamana Kanakamuni 拘那含佛[38] 婆罗门[39] Sobhavatinagara Yannadatta the Brahman, and Uttara 优昙婆罗树
udumbara
27 Kassapa[40] Kāśyapa 迦叶佛[41] 婆罗门 Baranasinagara Brahmadatta a Brahman, and Dhanavati 尼拘律树
nigroda
28 Gotama Gautama 乔达摩佛
(瞿昙佛、释迦牟尼佛)
刹帝利 蓝毗尼(Lumbini) 净饭王(King Suddhodana),
摩耶夫人(Māyā)
毕钵罗菩提树
Asatu Bodhi
29 Metteyya Maitreya 弥勒佛[42]
(慈氏佛)
婆罗门[43] Ketumatī


音译鸡头城、鸡翅城、翅头城[44]

Subrahma and Brahmavati[44] 龙华菩提树(那伽菩提树)
Naga Bodhi

三十五佛

五十三佛

参见

注释参考

  1. ^ 黄开国,李刚,陈兵等 主编. 七佛. 诸子百家大辞典. 成都: 四川人民出版社. 1999. ISBN 7-220-04869-6. 
  2. ^ Cakkavatti Sutta: The Wheel-turning Emperor. Access To Insight. [2019-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  3. ^ 南传上座部佛教二十八佛相关经典页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),法增比丘汉译
  4. ^ 陈莉娜. 巴利語《佛史》研究. 法鼓文理学院. 2016. 
  5. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Buddha, pp. 294-305
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Thomas villiam Rhys Davids; Davids, R (1878). "The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas". Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage. London: George Routledge & Sons. pp. 115–44.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Horner, IB, ed. (1975). The minor anthologies of the Pali canon. Volume III: Buddhavaṁsa (Chronicle of Buddhas) and Cariyāpiṭaka (Basket of Conduct). London: 巴利圣典协会. ISBN 0-86013-072-X.
  8. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Bodhirukka, p. 319
  9. ^ Tṛṣṇaṃ意为爱、贪爱,kara意为作业、从事,指除却的作业
  10. ^ medham意为智慧、智者、牺牲,kara意为作业、从事,此处译为用
  11. ^ Śaraṇaṃ义为救护、皈依、总持,kara义为作业、从事
  12. ^ Dīpaṃ义为灯火、灯明,kara义为作业、从事
  13. ^ Kauṇḍinya一说义为火器,一说意为善知、智者
  14. ^ magala意为吉祥,如八吉祥
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Beal (1875), Beal S, Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment, pp. 10-17
  16. ^ sumana意为茉莉花,又名善意花、悦意花,又作人名为悦意
  17. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Revata, pp. 754-5
  18. ^ revati为二十七星宿之一的奎宿星;revata通常音译为离婆多、梨波多
  19. ^ Śobhita意为照耀、装饰、庄严、光彩、优美,又音译作输毘多
  20. ^ Anomadassi意为不能超越的(知见),拥有超越的(知见)
  21. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Paduma, p. 131
  22. ^ 音译即六字真言里的“呗咪”,意为普通莲花
  23. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Padumuttara, pp. 136-7
  24. ^ padma莲花,uttara意为胜利、北方、后、上
  25. ^ sumedha智慧的
  26. ^ sujāta义为好的出生、生得好的
  27. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Piyadassi, p. 207
  28. ^ priya义为可爱的,所爱的,亲爱的,喜悦的;darśin义为见、观见、察觉
  29. ^ artha义为意义、义趣、义理、利益、追求;darśin义为见、观见、察觉
  30. ^ dharma义为法;darśin义为见、观见、察觉
  31. ^ siddh-义为成就,artha义为意义、义趣、义理、利益、追求
  32. ^ Malalasekera (2007), Phussa, p. 257
  33. ^ 义为圣观;Vipaśyanā义为观、观察、正见
  34. ^ 义为有发髻者、孔雀
  35. ^ 义为遍现、全现
  36. ^ 义为成就美妙
  37. ^ 《增一阿含经》译“尸利沙树”的“尸”或为误添
  38. ^ kanaka义为金,muni义为寂、圣人
  39. ^ Barua, A (2008). Dīgha-Nikāya: romanize Pāli text vith English translation. 2 (1st ed.). Delhi, India: Nev Bharatiya Book Corporation. p. 6. ISBN 81-8315-096-9.
  40. ^ Alexander Cunningham(1880). "XVIII: Tandva". Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875-76 and 1877-78. Calcutta, India: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. pp.70–8.
  41. ^ 中译念shè字,义为饮光、持光,释迦佛有同名弟子饮光,部派佛教也有饮光部(迦叶维部)
  42. ^ 义为慈的
  43. ^ Cakkavatti Sutta: The vheel-turning Emperor. www.accesstoinsight.org. [2019-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-12). 
  44. ^ 44.0 44.1 Vipassana.info, Pali Proper Names Dictionary: Metteyya页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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佛陀名号列表
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