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易經

易經

易經,簡曰,亦云周易,窮通天地變易之經也。本有三易,號曰三墳,曰連山,曰歸藏,曰周易。連山歸藏者,久已淹沒,窮其辭,曰連山者,以艮為首,歸藏者,以坤為首。及至文王,纂卦辭,明天理,是為周易。

故繫辭云:「易與天地準,故能彌綸天地之道。仰以觀於天文,俯於察於地理。是故知幽明之故。原始反終,故知死生之說。是故君子所居而安者,易之序也,所樂而玩者,爻之辭也。是故居則觀其象,而玩其辭,動則觀其變而玩其占,是以自天佑之,吉無不利。」

伏羲畫八卦以明天道,文王作卦辭以序人事,周公作爻辭以卜吉凶,合之,易經乃成。後孔子作十翼以明萬理,曰《易傳》。

大義

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陽爻曰「九」,誌「—」,陰爻曰「六」,作「--」。

爻題

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六爻為一卦,自下而上,曰初、二、三、四、五、上爻。 通陽曰用九,又名老陽;通陰曰用六,又名老陰。

八卦(經卦)

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八經卦者,乾、兌、離、震、巽、坎、艮、坤。
☰ 乾
☱ 兌
☲ 離
☳ 震
☴ 巽
☵ 坎
☶ 艮
☷ 坤
朱熹《八卦取象歌》: 乾三連(☰),坤六斷(☷); 震仰盂(☳),艮覆碗(☶); 離中虛(☲),坎中滿(☵); 兌上缺(☱),巽下斷(☴)。

六十四卦

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六十四卦者,別卦也,八經卦而廣之,四、五、上謂之外卦,初、二、三謂之內卦。

伏犧雖創八卦,然不足以表天地萬物之變。故其疊之,遂成六十四卦。朱子頌曰︰

乾坤屯蒙需訟師,比小畜兮履泰否。

同人大有謙豫隨,蠱臨觀兮噬嗑賁。

剝復無妄大畜頤,大過坎離三十備。

咸恆遯兮及大壯,晉與明夷家人睽。

蹇解損益夬姤萃,升困井革鼎震繼。

艮漸歸妹豐旅巽,兌渙節兮中孚至。

小過既濟兼未濟,是為下經三十四。

易傳

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孔子書易傳,以釋其義,曰『十翼』。

  1. 彖辭上下傳 - 彖斷一卦之意義,先釋卦名,次訓卦辭。
  2. 象辭上下傳 - 釋卦象者曰大象,釋爻象者曰小象。彖象分列於每卦後,爻象分列於每爻後。
  3. 繫辭上下傳 - 汎論作易本旨及補敘易道廣大,並指陳卦爻數象義理之精華。
  4. 序卦傳 - 述六十四卦次序之義,以顯盈虛消長之理。
  5. 說卦傳 - 論陰陽以參天地造化,廣象義,藉窮萬物之理性,格物以致知。
  6. 雜卦傳 - 序言易道之常,雜言易道之變。
  7. 文言 - 相雜成文,闡明乾坤十二爻錯綜相雜交變而成之真義,後儒故分列文言於乾坤兩卦後。

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它典

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美辭妙篇,具錄於維基文庫︰周易
儒家經典
六經
詩經 | 尚書 | 易經 | 儀禮 | 樂經 | 春秋
四書
大學 | 論語 | 孟子 | 中庸
十三經
詩經 | 尚書 | 周禮 | 儀禮 | 禮記 | 周易 | 左傳 | 公羊傳 | 穀梁傳 | 論語 | 爾雅 | 孝經 | 孟子
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易經
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