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Gasna konstanta

Vrednost R
[1]
Jedinica
(V P T −1 n−1)
8.3144621 (75)[1] JK−1mol−1
5.189 1019 eV K−1mol−1
0.08205746 (14) Latm K−1 mol−1
1.9858775 (34) cal K−1 mol−1
8.314472 (15) 107 ерг K−1 mol−1
8.314472 (15) L kPa K−1 mol−1
8.314472 (15) m3Pa K−1 mol−1
8.314472 (15) cm3 MPa K−1 mol−1
8.314472 10-5 m3bar K−1 mol−1
8.205746 10-5 m3 atm K−1 mol−1
82.05746 cm3 atm K−1 mol−1
84.78402 10-6 m3 kgf/cm² K−1 mol−1
8.314472 10-2 L bar K−1 mol−1
62.36367 (11) L mmHg K−1   mol−1
62.36367 (11) L Tor K−1   mol−1
6.132440 (10) ft lbf  K−1g-mol−1
1545.34896 (3) ft lbf  °R−1 lb-mol−1
10.73159 (2) ft3 psi °R−1 lb-mol−1
0.7302413 (12) ft3 atm °R−1 lb-mol−1
1.31443 ft3 atm K−1 lb-mol−1
998.9701 (17) ft3  mmHg K−1 lb-mol−1
1.986 Btu lb-mol−1 °R−1

Gasna konstanta ili univerzalna gasna konstanta, je fizička konstanta, koja je vezana za jednačinu stanja idealnog gasa. Ona ima jednaku vrednost kao Bolcmanova konstanta, samo što je izražena u jedinicama za energiju.[2][3] Njena vrednost je:

Dva broja u zagradi predstavljaju standardnu devijaciju vrednosti.

Jednačina stanja idealnog gasa glasi:

ge je P – apsolutni pritisak gasa (Pa), Vzapremina gasa (m3), n – broj molova u gasu i T - apsolutna temperatura (K). Gasna konstanta ima iste jedinice kao molarna entropija.

Odnos sa Bolcmanovom konstantom

[уреди | уреди извор]

Bolcmanova konstanta kB se ponekad može koristiti umesto gasne konstante:

gde je NAAvogadrov broj. Onda jednačina stanja idealnog gasa sa Bolcmanovom konstantom glasi:

Specifična gasna konstanta

[уреди | уреди извор]
Rspecif.
za suvi vazduh
Jedinice
286,9 J kg−1 K−1
53,3533 ft lbf lb−1 °R−1
1716,59 ft lbf slug−1 °R−1
Zasniva se na srednjoj molarnoj masi suvog vazduha koja je 28,9645 g/mol.

Specifična gasna konstanta vazduha ili smeše gasova (Rspecif) je data sa gasnom konstantom ako se podeli sa molarnom masom (M) gasa ili smese:

Specifična gasna konstanta može biti povezana sa Bolcmanovom konstantom kB:

Jedan važan odnos proizlazi iz termodinamike, koji vezuje specifičnu gasnu konstantu sa specifičnim toplotnim kapacitetom pri stalnom pritisku (p) i pri stalnoj zapremini (V):

gde je: cp - specifični toplotni kapacitet pri stalnom pritisku i cv - specifični toplotni kapacitet pri stalnoj zapremini.[4][5]

  1. ^ а б CODATA Internationally recommended values of the Fundamental Physical Constants
  2. ^ Peter Atkins; Julio de Paula (2001). Physical Chemistry (7th изд.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0716735393. 
  3. ^ Donald A. McQuarrie; John D. Simon (1997). Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (1st изд.). University Science Books. ISBN 0935702997. 
  4. ^ Anderson, Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics, AIAA Education Series, 2nd Ed, 2006.
  5. ^ Moran and Shapiro: Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, Wiley, 4th Ed, 2000.


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Gasna konstanta
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