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Fizičke konstante

Fizička konstanta je fizička veličina za koju se smatra da je po prirodi univerzalna i nepromenjiva s vremenom.

U nauci se javljaju brojne fizičke konstante, a među najpoznatije spadaju i brzina svetlosti u vakuumu c, gravitaciona konstanta G, Plankova konstanta h, i elementarno naelektrisanje e. Fizičke konstante se dimenziono mogu jako razlikovati: brzina svetlosti predstavlja najveću moguću brzinu u Univerzumu i izražena je dimenziono kao dužina podaljena s vremenom; s druge strane konsanta fine strukture α, koja karakteriše jačinu elektromagnetnih interakcija, je bezdimenziona.

Tabela univerzalnih konstanti

[уреди | уреди извор]
Naziv
Simbol Vrednost[1][2] Relativna Standardna Neodređenost
Brzina svetlosti u vakuumu 299 792 458 m·s−1 određena
Njutnova Gravitaciona Konstanta 6,67384(80)×10−11 m3·kg−1·s−2 1.2 × 10−4
Plankova konstanta 6.626 069 57(29) × 10−34 J·s 4.4 × 10−8
Redukovana Plankova konstanta 1.054 571 726(47) × 10−34 J·s 4.4 × 10−8

Tabela elektromagnetnih konstanti

[уреди | уреди извор]
Naziv
Simbol Vrednost[3][2] (SI units) Relativna Standardna Neodređenost
Permeabilnost vakuuma 4π × 10−7 N·A−2 = 1.256 637 061... × 10−6 N·A−2 određena
Permitivnost vakuuma 8.854 187 817... × 10−12 F·m−1 određena
Karakteristična impedanca vakuuma 376.730 313 461... Ω određena
Kulonova konstanta 8.987 551 787... × 109 N·m2·C−2 određena
elementarno naelektrisanje 1.602 176 565(35) × 10−19 C 2.2 × 10−8
Borov magneton 9.274 009 68(20) × 10−24 J·T−1 2.2 × 10−8
Kvantna provodljivost 7.748 091 7346(25) × 10−5 S 3.2 × 10−10
Obrnuta kvantna provodljivost 12 906.403 7217(42) Ω 3.2 × 10−10
Džozefsonova konstanta 4.835 978 70(11) × 1014 Hz·V−1 2.2 × 10−8
Kvant magnetnog fluksa 2.067 833 758(46) × 10−15 Wb 2.2 × 10−8
Nuklearni magneton 5.050 783 53(11) × 10−27 J·T−1 2.2 × 10−8
von Klicingova konstanta 25 812.807 4434(84) Ω 3.2 × 10−10

Tabela atomskih i nuklearnih konstanti

[уреди | уреди извор]
Naziv
Simbol Vrednost[4][2] (SI units) Relativna Standardna Neodređenost
Borov radijus 5.291 772 1092(17) × 10−11 m 3.2 × 10−9
Klasični radijus elektrona 2.817 940 3267(27) × 10−15 m 9.7 × 10−10
Masa elektrona 9.109 382 91(40) × 10−31 kg 4.4 × 10−8
Fermi Koplingova konstanta 1.166 364(5) × 10−5 GeV−2 4.3 × 10−6
Konstanta fine strukture 7.297 352 5698(24) × 10−3 3.2 × 10−10
Hartrijeva energija 4.359 744 34(19) × 10−18 J 4.4 × 10−8
Masa protona 1.672 621 777(74) × 10−27 kg 4.4 × 10−8
kvantum cirkulacije 3.636 947 5520(24) × 10−4 m2 s−1 6.5 × 10−10
Ridbergova konstanta 10 973 731.568 539(55) m−1 5.0 × 10−12
Thomsonov udarni presek 6.652 458 734(13) × 10−29 m2 1.9 × 10−9
weak mixing angle 0.2223(21) 9.5 × 10−3
Efimov faktor 22.7
  1. ^ Ove vrednosti su date u tzv skraćenom obliku; broj u zagradama predstavlja standardnu neodređenost, koja predstavlja vrednost, pomnoženu sa relativnom standardnom neodređenošću.
  2. ^ а б в P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, and D.B. Newell (2011), "The 2010 CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants" (Web Version 6.0). This database was developed by J. Baker, M. Douma, and S. Kotochigova. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/constants [Thursday, 02-Jun-2011 21:00:12 EDT]. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
  3. ^ The values are given in the so-called concise form; the number in brackets is the standard uncertainty, which is the value multiplied by the relative standard uncertainty.
  4. ^ Ove vrednosti su date u tzv skraćenom obliku; broj u zagradama predstavlja standardnu neodređenost, koja predstavlja vrednost, pomnoženu sa relativnom standardnom neodređenošću.
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Fizičke konstante
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