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Naxalite

Wilayah-wilayah dengan aktivitas Naxalite pada 2007 (kiri) dan pada 2013 (kanan).

Naxal atau Naxalite adalah seorang anggota dari berbagai kelompok gerilya Komunis di India, yang sebagian besar berasosiasi dengan Partai Komunis India (Maois). Istilah Naxal berasal dari nama desa Naxalbari di Bengal Barat, dimana gerakan tersebut berawal. Naxalite dianggap sebagai komunis radikal kiri jauh, pendukung ideologi dan sentimen politik Maois. Asal muasal mereka terpecah pada 1967, yang berujung pada pembentukan Partai Komunis India (Marxis–Leninis). Awalnya berakan tersebut berpusat di Bengal Barat. Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, gerakan tersebut menyebar di wilayah-wilayah pedesaan yang kurang berkembang di selatan dan timur Chhattisgarh, Odisha dan Andhra Pradesh melalui aktivitas kelompok bawah tanah seperti Partai Komunis India (Maois).[1]

Pada 2006, badan intelijensi India, Sayap Analisis dan Penelitian, memperkirakan bahwa 20,000 kader sayap Naxalite beroperasi selain 50,000 kader reguler.[2] Pertumbuhan pengaruh mereka membuat Perdana Menteri India Manmohan Singh mendeklarasikan mereka ancaman dalam negeri paling serius terhadap keamanan nasional India.[3] Naxalite, dan militan anti-pemerintah lainnya, sering disebut sebagai "ultras".[4]

Referensi

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  1. ^ Ramakrishnan, Venkitesh (21 September 2005). "The Naxalite Challenge". Majalah Frontline (The Hindu). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-10-17. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-15. 
  2. ^ Philip Bowring (18 April 2006). "Maoists who menace India". International Herald Tribune. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-04-17. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-17. 
  3. ^ "South Asia | Senior Maoist 'arrested' in India". BBC News. 19 Desember 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 Desember 2007. 
  4. ^ Press Trust of India (PTI) (25 Maret 2006). "Naxals attack Orissa jail, free prisoners, kill 3 cops". Indian Express. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-07. Diakses tanggal 2016-03-31. 

Bacaan tambahan

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  • Naxalite Politics in India, by J. C. Johari, Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, New Delhi, . Published by Research Publications, 1972.
  • The Naxalite Movement, by Biplab Dasgupta. Published by, 1974.
  • The Naxalite Movement: A Maoist Experiment, by Sankar Ghosh. Published by Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1975. ISBN 0-88386-568-8.
  • The Naxalite Movement in India: Origin and Failure of the Maoist Revolutionary Strategy in West Bengal, 1967-1971, by Sohail Jawaid. Published by Associated Pub. House, 1979.
  • In the Wake of Naxalbari: A History of the Naxalite Movement in India, by Sumanta Banerjee. Published by Subarnarekha, 1980.
  • Edward Duyker Tribal Guerrillas: The Santals of West Bengal and the Naxalite Movement, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1987, p. 201, SBN 19 561938 2
  • The Naxalite Movement in India, by Prakash Singh. Published by Rupa, 1995. ISBN 81-7167-294-9.
  • V. R. Raghavan ed. The Naxal Threat: Causes, State Responses and Consequences, Publisher Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, ISBN 9789380177779
  • Mary Tyler (1977). My Years in an Indian Prison. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd. OCLC 3273743.

Pranala luar

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Templat:Insurgensi Naxalite-Maois Templat:Renaisans Bengal

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Naxalite
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