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额木尔河

额木尔河
额木尔河上的桥梁
流域
水系黑龙江水系
源頭 
 - 位置黑龙江省漠河市阿木尔林业局青松林场西南大兴安岭东坡
 - 海拔1010 m
河口 
 - 位置
黑龙江省漠河市兴安镇大河西村南黑龙江
 - 海拔
249 m
落差761 m
面積16121 km2
流經国家 中华人民共和国
城市漠河市
本貌
長度469 km
深度
  • 平均深度:
    5 m
流量
  • 平均速率:
    86.5 m3/s
特徵
左岸支流老槽河大林河
右岸支流二龙河
地图

额木尔(额穆尔、额母里、额墨尔、额穆尔)河满语ᡝᠮᡠᡵ
ᠪᡳᡵᠠ
穆麟德轉寫Emur bira)旧称阿巴昔河兴安河,位于中华人民共和国黑龙江省漠河市境内,是黑龙江右岸支流,河口東岸是俄罗斯帝国时期的历史名城雅克萨

干流概况

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额木尔河上游称阿木尔河,发源于漠河南部阿木尔林业局青松林场西南大兴安岭山脉东坡,蜿蜒向北流至阿木尔镇(原劲涛镇)转西流,至漠河市区西林吉镇转北流,过下腰亮子南湾后又转东流,于兴安镇大河西村南汇入黑龙江。河流全长469千米,流域面积16121平方千米。额木尔河河道绕山而流,七转八回,形成许多牛轭湖和沙洲平原,河道弯曲系数为10.8。

气候水文

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额木尔河流域地处寒温带大陆性季风气候区,冬季气候寒冷,干燥而漫长;夏季降水集中,雨量充沛,气候湿热,日照时间长。流域年均气温-4.4℃,一年中平均气温在0℃以下的时间长达8个月;1969年漠河气象站测得日极端低温达-52.3℃,是中国境内记录到的最低温记录。

河水以雨水补给为主,融雪为辅,径流中雨水补给占75%~80%。年平均流速86.5立方米每秒,夏季丰水期最大流量可达2160立方米每秒,年均径流量28.2亿立方米,径流深1773.3毫米,河流平均水深5米,平均流速1.0~1.5米每秒[1]

流域概况

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额木尔河全流域地处漠河市境内。流域内自然资源丰富,森林覆盖率为76.6%,木材总蓄积量1.4647亿立方米。流域内蕴藏有丰富的等矿产资源,黄金开采已有上百年的历史。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 中国河湖大典》编纂委员会. 《中国河湖大典·黑龙江、辽河卷》 (M) 1. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社. 2014年4月: 27页. ISBN 978-7-5170-1950-3. 
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额木尔河
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