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顎足綱

顎足綱
化石时期:511–0 Ma
寒武紀中期-現代
劍水蚤屬(Cyclops sp.),為水中常見的顎足綱生物。
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
多系群 顎足綱 Maxillopoda
Dahl, 1956[1]
亞綱

見內文

顎足綱(學名:Maxillopoda)是甲殼動物的一個多樣化類別,包括藤壺橈足類和一些相關的動物。它不是一個單系群,也沒有一個任何一個全體共通的特徵[2]。顎足綱已被確認並非單系群,這個綱被分拆,其成員與介形綱及軟甲綱重新組合成為寡甲總綱(Oligostraca)和多甲總綱(Multicrustacea)兩個總綱。

概述

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除了一些藤壺屬的物種以外,顎足綱多半為小型個體[3],已知最小的節肢動物門動物Stygotantulus stocki(中文譯名未知)即屬顎足綱[2]。身形多短,包括身長不到100微米者,腹部小,普遍缺乏附肢[3]。這很有可能是由於幼体性熟pedomorphosis)引起[3]

異於用腳濾食的藤壺,大部分顎足綱動物以其口器濾食,具有5頭節,6胸節和4腹節,以及1尾節[4]

化石紀錄

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本綱物種的化石紀錄最遠可追遡到寒武紀[5]。在那時期生活的物種,化石有藤壺屬[6]舌形動物類[7]兩種。

分類

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一般分類都把本綱物種再細分為六個亞綱,但也有其他研究分得更為仔細,例如包括有介形綱物種[2]。這六個亞綱只有鬚蝦亞綱的物種為完全自由生活;微虾亚纲、舌形亞綱及鰓尾亞綱這三個亞綱的所有物種皆為寄生性動物;而橈足亞綱鞘甲亚纲的物種以寄生性為主。

亞綱 成員 照片
橈足亞綱 Copepoda 哲水蚤目 Calanoida
劍水蚤目 Cyclopoida
Gelyelloida
猛水蚤目 Harpacticoida
小蚤目 Misophrioida
怪水蚤目 Monstrilloida
摩门虱目 Mormonilloida
宽足水蚤目 Platycopioida
鞘口水蚤目 Poecilostomatoida
管口蚤目 Siphonostomatoida

Calocalanus pavo
(哲水蚤目: Calocalanidae)
微虾亚纲 Tantulocarida Basipodellidae
Deoterthridae
Doryphallophoridae
Microdajidae

Microdajus sp.
(Microdajidae)
鞘甲亚纲 Thecostraca 蔓足下綱 Cirripedia(==藤壺
Facetotecta
Ascothoracida

Chthamalus stellatus
(無柄目: Chthamalidae)
鰓尾亞綱 Branchiura Arguloida (fish lice)
† Cyclida

Argulus on a 棘背魚科
(Argulidae)
舌形亞綱 Pentastomida Cephalobaenida
孔頭舌蟲目 Porocephalida
Raillietiellida
Reighardiida

手鐲狀舌蟲英语Armillifer armillatus (Armillifer armillatus)
(Porocephalidae)
鬚蝦亞綱 Mystacocarida Ctenocheilocaris
Derocheilocaris

Ctenocheilocaris
(Derocheilocarididae)

然而,現時顎足綱已被確認並非單系群,這個綱被分拆,其成員與同屬甲殻亞門介形綱軟甲綱重新組合,成為寡甲總綱(Oligostraca)和多甲總綱Multicrustacea)兩個總綱[8]。截至2019年2月9日 (2019-02-09)WoRMS紀錄這兩個總綱包括下列各分類單元[8]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Maxillopoda. ITIS. [2010-10-07]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Martin, Joel W.; Davis, George E. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 [2014-08-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-05-12) (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Introduction to Maxillopoda. University of California, Berkeley. [December 31, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-04). 
  4. ^ Phil Myers. Maxillopoda. Animal Diversity Web. 2001 [December 31, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-13). 
  5. ^ D. E. G. Briggs. Affinities and early evolution of the Crustacea: the evidence of the Cambrian fossils. F. R. Schram (编). Crustacean Phylogeny. Rotterdam: Balkema. 1983: 1–22. ISBN 9061912318. 
  6. ^ Foster, B. A.; Buckeridge, J. S. Barnacle palaeontology. A. J. Southward (编). Crustacean Issues 5: Barnacle Biology. 1987: 41–63. ISBN 90-6191-628-3 (英语). 
  7. ^ Waloszek, Dieter; Repetski, John E.; Maas, Andreas. A new Late Cambrian pentastomid and a review of the relationships of this parasitic group. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. 2005, 96: 163–176. doi:10.1017/S0263593300001280. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Boxshall, Geoff. Crustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09]. 
  9. ^ Boxshall, Geoff. Multicrustacea. WoRMS. 2015-05-05 [2019-02-09]. 
  10. ^ Regier, J. C.; Shultz, J. W.; Zwick, A.; Hussey, A.; Ball, B.; Wetzer, R.; Martin, J. W.; Cunningham, C. W. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010, 463 (7284): 1079–1083. doi:10.1038/nature08742 (英语). 
  11. ^ Boxshall, Geoff. Hexanauplia. WoRMS. 2016-11-30 [2019-02-09]. 
  12. ^ Boxshall, Geoff. Oligostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09]. 
  13. ^ Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. Fortey, R.A. & Thomas, R.H. , 编. Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional combination approaches to morphological and molecular data sets. Systematics Association (London: Chapman & Hall). 1997,. Special Volume series 55: pp.97–107. 
  14. ^ Boxshall, Geoff. Ichthyostraca. WoRMS. 2017-09-04 [2019-02-09] –通过WoRMS. 

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外部連結

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顎足綱
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