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綜合綱

综合纲
化石时期:99–0 Ma
白堊紀至今
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 多足亞門 Myriapoda
纲: 综合纲 Symphyla
Ryder, 1880
  • 盾腳蟲科 Scutigerellidae
  • 節足蟲科 Scolopendrellidae

綜合綱(學名:Symphyla),又名結合綱結足亞綱,是節肢動物門多足亞門下的一個小分類群,包含2約200個物種,其下成員俗稱結足蟲。本綱物種因同時具有倍足綱唇足綱以及低等六足類原尾目雙尾目彈尾目及原始昆蟲)的若干基本特徵而得名「綜合綱」。

特徵

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Scutigerella immaculata

大部分的結足蟲體長約在2-10毫米[1],體表的外骨骼薄而柔軟,身體因缺乏色素而呈白色、淡褐色或灰色。[2]頭部有一對線狀的長觸角和三對口器,沒有眼睛。初生的幼體有9個體節、6~7對足和6節觸角,隨後每蜕一次皮增加一對足,觸角節數亦會逐漸增加,成蟲頭後方的軀幹由14節組成,前12節共有12對足,尾端有一對可以產出細絲的紡織突,變為成蟲後觸角節數仍可增加。結足蟲的背板沒有成對癒合,多數種類的背板還分成兩片,彈性且靈活的身體使牠們能在狹窄的土壤縫隙中快速移動、扭動或轉身,藉此躲避捕食者的攻擊。[3][4]

習性

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結足蟲遍布全世界,主要棲居在土壤中或落葉堆、腐木及石塊下等陰濕處[2],以植物組織或腐植質為食[3][5],一些種類是農業上的害蟲[6][7]由於外骨骼薄弱,無法防止體內水分散失,會根據水分含量在土壤層中上下遷移。

生命史

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結足蟲行體外受精,其繁殖過程和其他多足類相似,沒有交配的過程:雄蟲留下精包給雌蟲撿拾,雌蟲會將精莢內的精子儲存在口部附近的一對納精囊內。雌蟲一次產30顆左右的未受精的,用口器將卵附著在苔蘚或其他適當的地方,接著再用口器把納精囊內的精子塗抹到卵粒上,使卵受精。某些種類的壽命可長達3至4年。[3][8]

分類

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ Minelli, Alessandro; Sergei I. Golovatch. Myriapods (PDF). Simon A. Levin (编). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. 2001: 291–303. ISBN 978-0122268656. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-02-21). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Penny Greenslade. Class: Symphyla. Australian Faunal Directory. Australian National University. 2002-03-31. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 喬治‧麥葛文,《昆蟲圖鑑》(台北:貓頭鷹出版,2000),p239。
  4. ^ C. Gillott. Entomology, 3rd Edition. Springer Verlag. 2005. ISBN 978-1-4020-3182-3. 
  5. ^ A. D. Chapman. Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World (PDF). Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2005 [2019-06-17]. ISBN 978-0-642-56850-2. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-10-25). 
  6. ^ H. Boyle. Symphyla control in young plant cane. Cane Growers' Quarterly Bulletin. 1981, 44: 115–116. 
  7. ^ D. A. H. Murray & D. Smith. Effect of Symphyla, Hanseniella sp., on establishment of pineappes in south-east Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science. 1983, 40: 121–123. 
  8. ^ Barnes, Robert D. Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. 1982: 817–818. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6. 
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綜合綱
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