雪卡毒素
雪卡毒素（英語：Ciguatoxins，简称CTX），又名雪卡鱼毒素、西加鱼毒素，是一类引起西加鱼毒中毒的毒素，共有4种。
按地域来源划分，雪卡毒素分为太平洋雪卡毒素（Pacific ciguatoxins，P-CTXs）、印度洋雪卡毒素（Indian ciguatoxins，I-CTXs）和加勒比海雪卡毒素（Caribbean ciguatoxins, C-CTXs）三类[1]。
热带和亚热带地区每年有超过 20,000人因摄入雪卡毒素而中毒[2]，1990年代美国夏威夷和罗德岛、马达加斯加、香港以及广泛的南太平洋地区就有多例中毒案例报道[3]。然而随着海水变暖以及赤潮趋于频繁，由雪卡毒素引起的中毒事件在美洲、亚洲以及欧洲地区逐渐成为一个不可忽视的问题[4]。
食物中这类毒素无法被烹饪去除，因此最好不要吃珊瑚礁魚類的頭部、皮膚及內臟。[5]
代表性化合物
[编辑]| 名称（代号） | 结构 | CAS编号及Wikidata编号 | PubChem | 分子式 | 注释 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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11050-21-8 Q4387413 | CID 5311333 from PubChem | C60H86O19 | ||
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142185-85-1 Q27272490 | CID 6441260 from PubChem | C60H86O18 | Ciguatoxin-3的异构体，C-52绝对构型不一样 | |
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139341-09-6 Q27252088 | CID 6444399 from PubChem | C60H86O18 | Ciguatoxin-2的异构体，C-52绝对构型不一样 | |
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148471-85-6 Q27130969 | CID 6442245 from PubChem | C57H82O16 | 极性较小，毒性较低 | |
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C57H82O17 | ||||
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C60H84O16[6] | CTX4B的异构体 | |||
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123676-76-6 Q27136774 66231-73-0 Q27286025 |
CID 6450530 from PubChem | C60H84O16 | CTX4A的异构体[7] | |
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136252-00-1 Q0 |
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 麦艳玲、林珊珊、肖陈贵、等. 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定海鳗鱼肉中3种太平洋雪卡毒素. 食品安全质量检测学报. 2014, (11): 3520–3528.
- ^ 大石 徹. 超微量海産神経毒シガトキシンCTX3Cの全合成. 有機合成化学協会誌. 2003, 6 (16): 562–571. doi:10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.61.562.
- ^ J Pearn. Neurology of ciguatera. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 2001, 70 (1): 4–8. PMID 11118239. doi:10.1136/jnnp.70.1.4.
- ^ Marco C. Inserra, Mathilde R. Israel, Ashlee Caldwell; et al. Multiple sodium channel isoforms mediate the pathological effects of Pacific ciguatoxin-1. Scientific Reports. 2017, (42810). doi:10.1038/srep42810.
However, as the world’s oceans warm and algal blooms become more frequent, ciguatera is now emerging as a significant issue in Asia, America and parts of Europe
- ^ Swift A, Swift T. Ciguatera. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1993, 31 (1): 1–29. PMID 8433404. doi:10.3109/15563659309000371.
- ^ Hiroki Oguri: Bioorganic Studies Utilizing Rationally Designed Synthetic Molecules: Absolute Configuration of Ciguatoxin and Development of Immunoassay Systems. In: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 80, 2007, S. 1870, doi:10.1246/bcsj.80.1870.
- ^ Luis M. Botana; Seafood and Freshwater Toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Detection; ISBN 978-0-8247-8956-5.
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