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阿劳坎语系

阿劳坎语系
地理分佈智利阿根廷安第斯山区
谱系学分类世界主要语系之一
分支
Glottologarau1255[1]

阿劳坎语系(英语:Araucanian languages,/ærɔːˈkniən/[2])是一个小美洲原住民语言语系,位于智利中部邻接阿根廷的地区。目前仍有使用的代表性语言有马普切语(ISO 639-3:arn)和惠里切语(ISO 639-3:huh)。有时被认为是一种孤立语言下的方言。

使用人口

智利有约20万马普切语使用者,阿根廷有4万。惠里切语在智利有几千母语者。

语言接触

Jolkesky (2016)注意到奇穆语、乌鲁-奇帕亚语系、阿拉瓦克语系、帕诺语系、乔隆-希比托语系克丘亚语系间因接触而发生的词汇相似性。[3]

内部分类

Mason (1950)

约翰·奥尔登·梅森 (1950)的阿劳坎语系内部分类:[4]

阿劳坎语系
    • 比孔切语
    • 马普切语
    • 俾珲切语
      • 兰昆切语
    • 摩鲁切语
    • 惠里切语
      • 惠里切
        • Serrano
        • 皮契-惠里切
      • Manzanero
    • Veliche (Chilote)
    • Chikiyami (Cuncho)
    • Leuvuche
  • East
    • Taluhet (Taluche)
    • Divihet (Diviche)

Jolkesky (2016)

Jolkesky (2016)的内部分类:[3]

(†=已灭绝)

马普切语支

词汇

切斯特米尔·劳科特卡 (1968)给出下列阿劳坎语系基础词比较。[5]

词义 马普切 比孔切 俾珲切 惠里切 Chilote 兰昆切
1 kiñe kiñe kiñe kiñe kenge kiñe
2 epu epue epu epu epo epú
3 küla kela kela kila köla kʔla
longko lonko rlonko lonkó
kúü kuü ghechu keñeu
ko ko ko ko ku go
antu antü ante ante ánte ant'ü
kuyen küyén küyen kiyen kién kiyet
玉米 voe wa wa waká wa
gunún üñem küñüm giñum trarú
thehua thewa thewa trehua cheuá
nahuel nahuel nawel nahuel naue

阅读更多

  • Augusta, F. J. (1966). Diccionario araucano-español y español-araucano: tomo primero: araucano - español. Padre Las Casas: Impr. y Editorial "San Francisco".
  • Cañas Pinochet, A. (1911). Estudios de la lengua veliche. In: C. E. Porter (ed.), Trabajos de la III Sección “Ciencias Naturales, Antropo-lógicas y Etnológicas” (Tomo I), 143-330. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta Barcelona.
  • Erize, E. (1960). Diccionario comentado Mapuche-Español, Araucano, Pehuenche, Pampa, Picunche, Rancülche, Huilliches. Bahía Blanca: Cuadernos del Sur.
  • Flury, L. (1944). Guiliches: tradiciones, leyendas, apuntes gramaticales y vocabulario de la zona pampa-araucana. (Publicaciones del Instituto de Arqueología, Lingüistica y Folklore Dr. Pablo Cabrera, 8). Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba
  • Hernández Sallés, A.; Luna, C. C. (1997). Diccionario ilustrado Mapudungun- Español-Inglés. Santiago de Chile: Pehuén.

参考

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Araucanian. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ Araucanian. 牛津英語詞典 (第三版). 牛津大學出版社. 2005-09 (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆. Ph.D. dissertation, 巴西利亚大学.
  4. ^ Mason, John Alden. The languages of South America. Steward, Julian (编). Handbook of South American Indians 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: 史密森尼学会, 美国民族学局 Bulletin 143. 1950: 157–317. 
  5. ^ Loukotka, Čestmír. Classification of South American Indian languages需要免费注册. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. 1968. 

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阿劳坎语系
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