For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 孤立语言.

孤立语言

此條目或其章節极大或完全地依赖于某个单一的来源。 (2019年9月6日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源改善这篇条目。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:"孤立语言"网页新闻书籍学术图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引

孤立语言,一般指与其他任何语言不存在亲属关系的自然语言,无法分类到任何已知公認语系中。被劃分為孤立語言的語言有:巴斯克语凱特語布魯夏斯基語尼夫赫語阿伊努語海達語普雷佩查語瓦奧語皮拉罕语埃蘭語苏美尔语日语韩语等。

孤立语言可以看做特殊的未分类语言,即使努力研究仍未分类。如果研究出了成果,以前认为是孤立的语言可能不再孤立,如澳大利亚北部曾划分为孤立语言的Yanyuwa語英语Yanyuwa language,现在划分到帕馬-恩永甘語系

与通常所说的“孤立语言”不同,有些语言是相对孤立的。比如说,阿尔巴尼亚语亚美尼亚语希腊语等属于“印欧孤立语言”,它们虽然属于印欧语系,但与印欧语系内其他语言不同,并不属于印欧语系中的任何一个分支,而是独立成为一个体系[參⁠ 1]。不过,通常情况下的孤立语言都是指绝对孤立语言。

需要注意,“孤立语言”与“孤立语”(又称分析语或词根语)不同,前者是从语言分类的角度上来描述一种语言,而后者则是指没有时态和格变化的语言,是语言本身的一种特性。两者不应混淆。

参考资料

    參:
  1. ^ Pyles, T. & Algeo, J. (1993). The Origins and development of the English language. Fort Worth. Jovanovich

參考文獻

  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-048774-9.
  • Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native Languages and Language Families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). [Map]. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institution). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
  • Grimes, Barbara F. (Ed.). (2000). Ethnologue: Languages of the world, (14th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-106-9. (Online edition: http://www.ethnologue.com/(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)).
  • Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
  • Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978–present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1–20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1–3, 16, 18–20 not yet published).

外部連接

参阅

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
孤立语言
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?