鈉的同位素
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| 標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) |
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鈉（原子量：22.98976928(2)）共有22個已知同位素，質量數介於18-37之間，其中只有1個是穩定的，其他都具有放射性，因此鈉屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的鈉同位素有3個，分別是穩定的23Na和具放射性的22Na及24Na，其中23Na占天然鈉的絕大部分，而22Na和24Na在自然界中僅痕量存在，為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中，只有在實驗室製造出來過，且半衰期都極短，非常不穩定。
圖表
[编辑]| 符號 | Z | N | 同位素質量（u） [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 1][n 2] |
衰變 方式[2] |
衰變 產物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋[n 1] |
相對豐度 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Na |
11 | 7 | 18.02597(5) | 1.3(4)×10−21 s | p (>99.9%) | 17Ne | (1−)# | |
| β+ (<.1%) | 18Ne | |||||||
| 19 Na |
11 | 8 | 19.013877(13) | <40 ns | p | 18Ne | (5/2+)# | |
| 20 Na |
11 | 9 | 20.007351(7) | 447.9(23) ms | β+ (75%) | 20Ne | 2+ | |
| β+, α (25%) | 16O | |||||||
| 21 Na |
11 | 10 | 20.9976552(8) | 22.49(4) s | β+ | 21Ne | 3/2+ | |
| 22 Na |
11 | 11 | 21.9944364(4) | 2.6027(10) y | β+ | 22Ne | 3+ | 痕量[n 4] |
| 22m Na |
583.03(9) keV | 244(6) ns | 1+ | |||||
| 23 Na |
11 | 12 | 22.9897692809(29) | 稳定 | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | ||
| 24 Na |
11 | 13 | 23.99096278(8) | 14.9590(12) h | β− | 24Mg | 4+ | 痕量[n 4] |
| 24m Na |
472.207(9) keV | 20.20(7) ms | IT (99.95%) | 24Na | 1+ | |||
| β− (.05%) | 24Mg | |||||||
| 25 Na |
11 | 14 | 24.9899540(13) | 59.1(6) s | β− | 25Mg | 5/2+ | |
| 26 Na |
11 | 15 | 25.992633(6) | 1.077(5) s | β− | 26Mg | 3+ | |
| 27 Na |
11 | 16 | 26.994077(4) | 301(6) ms | β− (99.87%) | 27Mg | 5/2+ | |
| β−, n (.13%) | 26Mg | |||||||
| 28 Na |
11 | 17 | 27.998938(14) | 30.5(4) ms | β− (99.421%) | 28Mg | 1+ | |
| β−, n (.579%) | 27Mg | |||||||
| 29 Na |
11 | 18 | 29.002861(14) | 44.9(12) ms | β− (74.09%) | 29Mg | 3/2(+#) | |
| β−, n (25.91%) | 28Mg | |||||||
| 30 Na |
11 | 19 | 30.008976(27) | 48.4(17) ms | β− (68.83%) | 30Mg | 2+ | |
| β−, n (30.0%) | 29Mg | |||||||
| β−, 2n (1.17%) | 28Mg | |||||||
| β−, α | 26Ne | |||||||
| 31 Na |
11 | 20 | 31.01359(23) | 17.0(4) ms | β− (62.05%) | 31Mg | (3/2+) | |
| β−, n | 30Mg | |||||||
| β−, 2n | 29Mg | |||||||
| β−, 3n | 28Mg | |||||||
| 32 Na |
11 | 21 | 32.02047(38) | 12.9(7) ms | β− | 32Mg | (3−,4−) | |
| β−, n | 31Mg | |||||||
| β−, 2n | 30Mg | |||||||
| 33 Na |
11 | 22 | 33.02672(94) | 8.2(2) ms | β−, n (52.0%) | 32Mg | 3/2+# | |
| β− (36.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
| β−, 2n (12.0%) | 31Mg | |||||||
| 34 Na |
11 | 23 | 34.03517(96)# | 5.5(10) ms | β−, 2n (50.0%) | 32Mg | 1+ | |
| β− (35.0%) | 34Mg | |||||||
| β−, n (15.0%) | 33Mg | |||||||
| 35 Na |
11 | 24 | 35.04249(102)# | 1.5(5) ms | β− (>99.9%) | 35Mg | 3/2+# | |
| β−, n (<.1%) | 34Mg | |||||||
| 37 Na |
11 | 26 | 37.05934(103)# | 1# ms [>1.5 µs] | 3/2+# | |||
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明，僅為理論推測。
- ^ 2.0 2.1 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
- ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
- ^ 4.0 4.1 宇宙射线同位素
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 氖的同位素 | 鈉的同位素 | 鎂的同位素 |
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-09-10]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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