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钙-48

钙-48,48Ca
基本
符號48Ca
名稱钙-48、Ca-48
原子序20
中子數28
核素数据
豐度0.187%
半衰期(6.4+0.7
−0.6
+1.2
−0.9
) × 1019 a
衰变产物48Ti
原子量47.952534(4) u
衰變模式
衰变类型衰变能量MeV
β-β-4.27
钙的同位素
完整核素表

钙-48是一种罕见的钙的同位素,其中包含20个质子和28个中子,占了天然的0.187%。[1]尽管对于一个如此轻的原子核,它具有不寻常多的中子,但它的β衰变受到极大阻碍,因此只能通过双β衰变放射性衰变。钙-48的半衰期约为6.4×1019年,[2]所以在所有实际用途中都可以看作稳定同位素。钙-48不寻常稳定性的一个原因是因为20和28都是幻数,使得48Ca是“双幻数”原子核。

由于48Ca几乎是稳定的,而且有很多中子,所以是在粒子加速器中通过碎裂[3]和聚变(例如合成元素周期表已知最后五个元素𫓧[4]合成新的原子核的起始物。较重的原子核需要更大比例的中子以稳定,所以必要使用有很多中子的起始物。

48Ca是已知会双β衰变的原子核中最轻,也是唯一一种简单到可以用sd 核壳层模型分析的原子核。它的衰变能量(4.27 MeV)也比其它会双β衰变的原子核的高。[5]这些特性使我们可以对原子核结构模型和无中微子双β衰变研究。

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Coursey, J. S.; D. J. Schwab; R. A. Dragoset. Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions. NIST Physical Reference Data. February 2005 [2006-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2000-03-12). 
  2. ^ Arnold, R.; et al. Measurement of the double-beta decay half-life and search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of 48Ca with the NEMO-3 detector. Physical Review D. 2016, 93 (11): 112008. Bibcode:2016PhRvD..93k2008A. arXiv:1604.01710可免费查阅. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.112008. 
  3. ^ Notani, M.; et al. New neutron-rich isotopes, 34Ne, 37Na and 43Si, produced by fragmentation of a 64A MeV 48Ca beam. Physics Letters B. 2002, 542 (1–2): 49–54. Bibcode:2002PhLB..542...49N. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02337-7. 
  4. ^ Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; et al. Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the 249Cf and 245Cm + 48Ca fusion reactions. Physical Review C. October 2006, 74 (4): 044602. Bibcode:2006PhRvC..74d4602O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Balysh, A.; et al. Double Beta Decay of 48Ca. Physical Review Letters. 1996, 77 (26): 5186–5189. Bibcode:1996PhRvL..77.5186B. PMID 10062737. arXiv:nucl-ex/9608001可免费查阅. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5186. 
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钙-48
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