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重音 (語音學)

建議此條目或章節與輕重讀合并。(討論

重音(英語:Accent)是一種對或特殊音節的強調程度的變化。這些變化都是由口腔肌肉舌頭的動作所產生。 大致分為與語音強弱相關的強弱重音和與語音高低相關的高低重音,另外還有長短重音。

重读(stress)和重音(accent)在語言學中有時是接近同義的概念,皆指某音節在單字中或單字在句子中相對突顯(prominent)的意思,不過在一些特別區分上,重音(accent)常常被應用在聲音聽覺上相關的概念。[1]

此外,句子層級表達情感相關的音高變化,稱為語調

重音種類

強弱重音

英語音節重音所在而有區別的強弱重音語言。舉例來說、subject 做為名詞「主題」時, sub- 的發音較強。而做為動詞「使…服從」時,則 -ject 的發音較強。英語重音所在的音節首之塞音送氣

高低重音

高低重音的代表例子為日語。日語詞彙內部語音的高低位置的差異,會造成意義上的變化,而音節的高低也不是能自由組合的。日語中,不同方言的重音(下降核、重音核)類型也不同,東京方言重音類型依下降核的位置分類、大阪方言重音類型依下降核的位置及最初音節的高低分類、鹿兒島方言則是依下降核的有無分類。

日語之外,立陶宛語拉脫維亞語塞爾維亞語斯洛維尼亞語吠陀梵語古希臘語韓語的部分方言等等皆屬高低重音的語言。

長短重音

獨立擁有長短重音發別的言語雖然較少,但也有不少語言是以長短重音的差異做為單詞語音次要的辨義元素。例如,德語雖做為輕重重音為主的語言,長短重音亦是其語音不可或缺的重點之一。

註釋

  1. ^ G. H. Monrad-Krohn, "The prosodic quality of speech and its disorders (a brief survey from a neurologist's point of view)", Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol. 22, issue 3-4, pp. 255-269.

參考文獻

  • 川上蓁(1973)『日本語アクセント法』学書房
  • 早田輝洋(1999)『音調のタイポロジー』大修館書店
  • Акцент. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional Volumes). St. Petersburg. 1890–1907.  (俄文)

外部連結

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重音 (語音學)
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