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母音長度

長音
◌ː
IPA編號503
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ː
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+02D0
半長音
◌ˑ
IPA編號504
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)ˑ
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+02D1
特短
◌̆
IPA編號505
編碼
HTML碼(十進制)̆
Unicode碼(十六進制)U+0306

元音長度(英語:vowel length),或稱母音長度,是元音發音持續時間的長度。持續時間較普通元音發音時長的稱為長元音;持續時間較短的元音稱為短元音[1]

長元音

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國際音標對於長元音的標記方式,是在元音之後加上〈ː〉的記號。國際音標亦有半長元音的記號〈ˑ〉(即長元音記號的上半截)。

現時世上有不少語言都對長短元音作出辨別,日語是當中一個代表。此外,愛沙尼亞語的元音更細分為短、長、超長三種不同的長度。英語的中元音長短仍存在爭議,儘管一些元音有時長的區別,但其發音部位或開口大小亦存在區別,而且英國的標準發音中有元音長度的音位變體,例如bad/bæd/與bat/bæt/中的/æ/元音時長不同。

不同語言對元音長度的處理

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短元音

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短元音本身不需要特別的記號,而國際音標有特短元音的記號〈˘〉。

符號

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註釋

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  1. ^ Liddell, H. G., and R. Scott (1996). A Greek-English Lexicon (revised 9th ed. with supplement). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.1

參考文獻

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母音長度
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