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三禅天.
三禅天,佛家认为是天界中色界天的第三个层次,为已经脱离欲念,达到三禅境界的天人所居住。此天较二禅天又断离了喜乐等情感,唯有行捨、正念、正知、受乐和专心五种特性,故称离喜妙乐地。
世界分为三界:欲界、色界、无色界。色界谓已脱离了欲念,但仍有色身(物质身)的天界。色界天根据禅定功夫又分为初禅天、二禅天、三禅天、四禅天四个层次,每个层次各有多级天。[1]
三禅天自下往上依次为:少净天、无量净天、遍净天。谓「净」者,为离喜乐之妙乐境界;少净天谓三禅天中净乐最少;无量净天谓较少净天净乐多,而难以测量;遍净天谓此天净乐遍满。[2]
遍淨天王為三禪天之主。
三禅天及馀色界天,皆已脱离了世间欲望,而以禅乐为乐。若人要往生三禅天,必须通过禅定功夫达到「安隐(稳)心中,欢喜毕具」的三禅境界[1]方可。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 《佛学大辞典》【初禅】:(术语)初禅定又初禅天也。楞严经曰:“清净心中,诸漏不动,名为初禅。清净心中,粗漏已伏,名为二禅。安隐心中,欢喜毕具,名为三禅。法苑珠林,若据火劫,即是初禅。若约火劫,即是二禅。若约风劫,是其三禅。”
- ^ 《起世因本经》:“诸比丘。此三界中。有三十八诸众生类。何者是其三十八种。诸比丘。欲界之中有十二种。色界中有二十二种。无色界中复有四种。诸比丘。于中何者是其欲界十二种类。所谓地狱。畜生。饿鬼。人。阿修罗。四天王天。三十三天。夜摩天。兜率陀天。化乐天。他化自在天。魔身天等。此名十二。何等色界二十二种。谓梵身天。梵辅天。梵众天。大梵天。光天。少光天。无量光天。光音天。净天。少净天。无量净天。遍净天。广天。少广天。无量广天。广果天。无想天。无烦天。无恼天。善见天。善现天。阿迦腻吒天等。此二十二属于色界。其无色界四种者。谓空无边天。识无边天。无所入天。非想非非想天。此四种类属无色界。”
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