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答剌罕

[1],在唐朝官書中稱達干古突厥語𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣t̂r̂k̂n̂Târk̂ân[2]),意思是自由自在的人[來源請求]。清朝称达尔罕[3]最早是中亚印欧民族吐火羅人统治者的头衔[來源請求],在南北朝時代為柔然人所用。後各草原民族皆用之。可薩人统治者头衔亦是答剌罕。

答剌罕本專指統兵武將,成吉思汗對曾經有救命之恩的人一律授予答剌罕(蒙古语ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ汉语拼音字母Darhan鲍培转写Darqan[4][5]),如非有功,蒙古人也不輕授;如有功,則非蒙古人也可授予。西征時,拖雷病重,撒馬爾罕景教徒撒必為其治病,亦授。蒙哥時代,對揭發窩闊台家族謀叛的人也授予。元朝建立後,受封人數大增,甚至還有一隊答剌罕軍,不發軍餉,由戰利品代替。

他們的特權是犯九罪不罰、可帶弓箭見大汗、圍獵不交獵物、免稅、自擇牧場。

旁遮普地區,答剌罕是一種姓,地位相當於木匠,有人說他們是塞種

參考

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  1. ^ 答剌罕 [DB/OL] [2024] // 陈至立辞海. 7版网络版.上海:上海辞书出版社, 2020.
  2. ^ Choi, Han-Woo, A Study of the Ancient Turkic "TARQAN" (PDF), KR: Handong University, Oct 2005 [2019-12-18], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-11) 
  3. ^ 哈斯巴根. 《清初满蒙关系演变研究》. 北京大学出版社. 2016 [2023-01-11]. ISBN 9787301276181. (原始内容存档于2023-09-06). 
  4. ^ Rogers, Leland Liu, The Golden Summary of Cinggis Qayan: Cinggis Qayan-u Altan Tobci: 80 
  5. ^ Ratchnevsky, Paul, Genghis Khan: his life and legacy: 82 

文献

[编辑]
  • 姚大力、劉迎勝主編《清華元史》,北京:商務印書館,2011年。
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答剌罕
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