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言語行為理論

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言語行為理論(speech act theory)是由英國哲學家約翰·奧斯丁於1962年#註1提出。這個理論認為,我們日常的對話可以分為六種話語區類型:

  • 命令
  • 要求
  • 祝願 / 致歉
  • 詢問 / 祈使
  • 邀請
  • 感歎

利用這種分類,有利於學習,而這種好處並不單單局限於第二語言的學習。

香港作家畢華流先生曾就這個理論,在他的作品《頑皮教室》裡用“下課了”這三個字來“說明”:在不同的場合下,同一句句子可以有不同的意思,並符合上述的六種話語分類。

例子

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  • 透过说,「小心!地滑」,瑪莉做出提醒彼得要當心的言語行為
  • 透过说,「我會盡我所能,在家裡吃晚飯。」,彼得做出承諾在家裡吃晚飯的言語行為。
  • 透过说,「各位先生女士,請您們留心喔!」,瑪莉請求聽眾安靜。
  • 透过说,「和我比一下!目的地是那座建築物。」,彼得向瑪莉下戰書。

参考资料

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外部連結

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言語行為理論
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