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落下闳

落下闳(前156年—前87年)复姓落下,名(音同"宏"),字长公巴郡阆中(今中国四川省阆中市)人,中国古代西汉时期的天文学家,太初历的主要创立者。渾天說創始人之一。

生平

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早年隐居于民间。当时广泛推行的是秦朝制订的颛顼历,其特点是以十月为每年的第一个月,九月为最后一个月,按照冬、春、夏、秋的顺序排列四个季节。这种历法虽然与实际天象比较符合,但是给农业生产带来众多不便。汉武帝元封六年,邓平唐都、落下闳等多位天文学家被征召至长安创立新的历法,于太初元年(公元前104年)创立了中国古代第一部有完整的文字记载的新历—太初历[1]。落下闳等人创立的太初历重新确定了春、夏、秋、冬的顺序,以孟春正月朔日为一年的开始,这也是中国春节的来历。

此外,落下闳还创造了浑仪、提出了浑天说,是世界较早的地球为中心的宇宙观。他的许多思想对后世的中国古代天文学家产生了很大的影响,被巴蜀人称为“前圣”。在数学方面,他发明“连分数(辗转相除)求渐进分数”的方法,定名“通其率”,现代学者称之为“落下闳算法”[2]

为纪念落下闳,2004年9月,中国科学院国家天文台发现的第16757号小行星命名为“落下闳”。四川阆中建立了落下闳故居,运用现代科技手段展现落下闳的贡献,2006年1月正式对外开放[3]

参考文献

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  1. ^ 班固. 汉书·律历志(上). 
  2. ^ “通天彻地”落下闳. 光明日报. 2018-02-25. 
  3. ^ 落下闳纪念馆:智慧博物馆的阆中版本. [2021-06-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-20). 
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落下闳
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