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覺 (佛教)

巴利文梵語बोधि羅馬化:bodhi),又譯為,音譯為菩提[1]合文𦬢𦬵[2]佛教术语,字面意思是「覺悟」,了解事物的本質,是指不再生死輪迴,从而导致涅槃覺悟智慧[3]释迦牟尼正是因为成就这种觉悟而成正果,世稱佛陀。遵从佛陀的經教可修成菩提,按部派佛教的说法即成为阿罗汉,按大乘佛教的说法即成为佛,所以修證菩提是佛教徒的崇高理念。

字源

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在梵語中,Bodhi是一個抽象名詞。源自於動詞字根 budh,字面意義為醒過來、醒覺、注意、知道或了解。巴利語動詞 bujjhati,梵文動詞bodhati (知道、了解)或 budhyate(了解)都來自這個字根。

一個已經覺悟的人,稱為覺者,即是佛陀(Buddha),為陽性名詞;其陰性形態 Buddhi,為能夠覺醒的能力,即覺性,或智性。將菩提與心結合後的複合字菩提心,指的是能夠成佛的心,希望成佛的心願;覺悟的過程,稱為buddhatva。

菩提樹的梵語原名為「畢缽羅樹」(Pippala),因释迦牟尼在菩提樹下悟道,得名為菩提樹梵文bodhivṛksa)。

佛教

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覺是指對於四聖諦進行思惟之後,所獲得的智慧[4]

在修行方法中,有七覺支三十七菩提分法

菩提之分類

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三乘菩提

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緣覺乘菩提、聲聞乘菩提合稱二乘菩提

禪宗

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 《華嚴金師子章》卷1:「菩提,此云道也,覺也。」
  2. ^ 符號詞參考表(異體字字典). [2012-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-09). 
  3. ^ 釋道心. 来自古印度佛陀时代的菩提叶. 佛教在線. 2008-07-08 [2008-10-20]. (原始内容存档于2013-04-26) (中文(中国大陆)). 
  4. ^ 《雜阿含經》卷15〈379經〉:「佛住波羅奈鹿野苑中仙人住處。爾時,世尊告五比丘:『此苦聖諦,本所未曾聞法,當正思惟。時,生眼、智、明、覺,此苦集、此苦滅、此苦滅道跡聖諦,本所未曾聞法,當正思惟。時,生眼、智、明、覺。』」

參見

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覺 (佛教)
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