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自殺危機干預

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自杀危机干预為了防止他人試圖自殺所作的各種努力。

在干預過程,第一步會建議直接詢問有關自殺的問題[1][2]。這些問題包括詢問是否有想要自殺的想法、是否考慮過自殺方式,如何取得自殺需要的工具、以及是否有考慮何時進行。提出這些問題可以建立和對方的聯繫,這是自殺預防的關鍵保護因素[3]。這些問題也使各方能夠更了解風險。研究表明,直接詢問有關自殺的問題不會增加自殺意圖英语Suicidal ideation,甚至可能減少自殺意圖[4]

大多數國家都有某種形式的心理健康法英语Mental health law,允許表達自殺想法或意圖的人被拘留非自願接受精神治療,當他們的判斷力被認為受損時。 這些法律可能授予法院警察醫生命令將個人緊急送往醫院接受治療的權利。這有時被稱為緊急治療。對正在進行的非自願治療英语Involuntary treatment的審查可由醫院、法院或準司法機構英语Quasi-judicial body進行,具體取決於司法管轄區。議會通常要求警察或法院當局盡快將當事人送往醫院接受治療,而不是將他們關押在警察局等地點。

心理學專業人員和其他一些衛生專業人員接受評估英语Assessment of suicide risk和自殺治療的訓練。緊急熱線廣泛提供尋求幫助的人使用。然而,由於恥辱、先前的負面經歷、害怕被拘留或其他原因,有些人可能不願意討論他們的自殺想法。

參考資料

  1. ^ Suicide: What to do when someone is suicidal. Mayo Clinic. [28 August 2022]. 
  2. ^ How and Why the Five Steps Can Help. National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention and the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. [28 August 2022]. 
  3. ^ Klonsky, E David. The Three-Step Theory (3ST): A New Theory of Suicide Rooted in the "Ideation-to-Action" Framework. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. June 2015, 8 (2): 114–129 [30 August 2022]. S2CID 8798543. doi:10.1521/ijct.2015.8.2.114. 
  4. ^ Dazzi, T; Gribble, R; Wessely, S; Fear, NT. Does asking about suicide and related behaviours induce suicidal ideation? What is the evidence?. Psychol. Med. December 2014, 44 (16): 3361–3363. PMID 24998511. S2CID 1881668. doi:10.1017/S0033291714001299可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Rosenthal H. 12 Must-Know Myths About Suicidal Clients. Counselor: The Magazine for Addiction Professionals. 2003, 4: 22–23. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Monk, Lynda; Samra, Joti, Samra, Joti; White, Jennifer; Goldner, Elliot , 编, Working With the Client Who is Suicidal: A Tool for Adult Mental Health and Addiction Services (PDF), Vancouver, British Columbia: Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, 2007 [2013-03-15], ISBN 978-0-7726-5746-6, OCLC 223281097, (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-04-22) 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Jacobs, Douglas G.; Baldessarini, Ross J.; Conwell, Yeates; Fawcett, Jan A.; Horton, Leslie; Meltzer, Herbert; Pfeffer, Cynthia R.; Simon, Robert I., Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Suicidal Behaviors, American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines 1 (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing), November 2003, 1, ISBN 9780890423363, OCLC 71824985, doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423363.56008, (原始内容存档于2012-03-27) 
  8. ^ Brown, G.K.; Have, T.T.; Henriques, G.R.; Xie, S.X.; Hollander, J.E.; Beck, A.T. Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide Attempts: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 3 August 2005, 294 (5): 563–570. PMID 16077050. doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.563可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ General (US), Office of the Surgeon; Prevention (US), National Action Alliance for Suicide. Introduction. US Department of Health & Human Services (US). 2012-09 (英语). 
  10. ^ Preventing suicide: A global imperative (PDF). World Health Organization. 2014. 
  11. ^ Suicide Prevention. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). [2022-03-15] (英语). 
  12. ^ Deb Stone, Kristin Holland, Brad Bartholow, Alex Crosby, Shane Davis, Natalie Wilkins. Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policy, Programs, and Practices (PDF). Atlanta: Division of Violence Prevention. 2017: 9–10. 
  13. ^ Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. www.hogrefe.com. [2022-03-14] (美国英语). 
  14. ^ SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR Impact Factor. SCI Journal. [2022-03-14] (美国英语). 
  15. ^ Archives of Suicide Research. International Academy of Suicide Research. [2022-03-14] (美国英语). 
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自殺危機干預
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