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胸脊鲨属

胸脊鯊
化石时期:382.7–298.9 Ma
泥盆紀 - 石炭紀
Stethacanthus productus(復原圖)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目: 西莫利鯊目 Symmoriiformes
科: 胸脊鯊科 Stethacanthidae
属: 胸脊鯊屬 Stethacanthus
Newberry, 1889
模式種
阿爾套胸脊鯊
Stethacanthus altonensis
St. John & Worthen, 1875[5]
  • S. altonensis
  • S. concavus Ginter, 2018[1]
  • S. gansuensis Wang et al., 2004[2]
  • S. neilsoni
  • S. praecursor Hussakof & Bryant, 1918[3]
  • S. resistens
  • S. thomasi
  • S. productus Newberry, 1897[4]

胸脊鯊學名Stethacanthus),又名胸棘鯊齒背鯊,是全頭亞綱[6]下的一滅絕。生存於泥盆紀晚期(382.7 百萬年前)至石炭纪晚期(298.9 百萬年前)。其化石發現于亞洲歐洲北美洲。現存與胸脊鯊親緣最近的物種為銀鮫[6]

描述

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S. productus 與人類的體型比較
一對 S. altonensis(復原圖)

胸脊鯊長約 70厘米(2.3英尺),外觀像現今的鯊魚。牠們的背鰭很特別,外形像鐵砧。牠們的頭部[7]及背鰭滿佈細小的棘,就像是現今鯊魚盾鳞的放大版[7]。一些學者認為背鰭有求愛的作用,另有一些認為是用來自衛的、或是用來依附在大型海洋動物身上[8]

古生態學

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胸脊鯊為肉食性,以小型魚類、腕足動物門海百合為食[9]。然而牠們形狀特殊的背鰭對游泳十分不利,魚鰭和牙齒也較同體型的鯊魚來的小,因此胸脊鯊可能為游動緩慢的底棲魚[10]。大多數的胸脊鯊化石均發現於美國蒙大拿州熊谷石灰岩英语Bear Gulch Limestone中,因此該地點在當時可能屬於牠們的繁殖地,這意味著胸脊鯊可能具有遷徙的習性[11]

大眾文化

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參考

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  1. ^ Michał Ginter. Symmoriiform sharks from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska. Acta Geologica Polonica. 2018, 68 (3): 391–401 [2019-01-24]. doi:10.1515/agp-2018-0009. (原始内容存档于2019-04-28). 
  2. ^ Fossilworks: Stethacanthus gansuensis. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-23). 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-01). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Coates, M., Gess, R., Finarelli, J., Criswell, K., Tietjen, K. 2016. A symmoriiform chondrichthyan braincase and the origin of chimaeroid fishes. Nature. doi: 10.1038/nature20806
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 27. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1. 
  8. ^ Elasmo-research. [2019-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-31). 
  9. ^ Walker, S.E.; Brett, C.E. Predators and predation in Paleozoic marine environments. Paleontological Society Papers. 2002, 8: 93–118. 
  10. ^ Lund, Richard. Stethacanthid elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. American Museum Novitates. 1985, 2828: 1–24. 
  11. ^ Grogan, E.D.; Lund, R. The geological and biological environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA) and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas. 2002, 24: 295–315. 
  • Haines, Tim & Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life. Canada: Firefly Books Ltd. 2006. 
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胸脊鲨属
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