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軟骨魚綱

软骨鱼纲
化石时期:428–0 Ma[1][2]
志留纪-現代
大白鯊(Carcharodon carcharias)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
演化支 嗅球類 Olfactores
亚门: 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata
下门: 有颌下门 Gnathostomata
演化支 真有颌类 Eugnathostomata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
Huxley, 1880
亞綱

软骨鱼纲(学名:Chondrichthyes),演化自棘魚綱。软骨鱼类是現存有頜类中最基干的类群,除了牙齿为硬骨外,骨骼全部由软骨组成,体被盾鳞或无鳞;鳃裂每侧5-7个分别开口于体外,或4个外被一膜质鳃盖;雄性的腹鳍里侧具有鳍脚;尾鳍呈歪尾型;肠具有螺旋瓣;无鳔;具有鰓裂;软骨鱼类的生殖方式是体内受精,卵生卵胎生胎生

进化

软骨鱼和硬骨鱼,一起出现在志留纪后期,它们不断进化,最后取代了盾皮鱼。现存的3万多种鱼类中,根据其骨骼的性质,可分为软骨鱼和硬骨鱼两大类。来自中国重庆秀山大约4.36亿年前的蠕纹沈氏棘鱼(Shenacanthus vermiformis)是迄今所知最早的保存完好的软骨鱼,确证了鲨鱼是从“披盔戴甲”的祖先演化而来[3]。而来自中国贵州石阡大约4.39亿年前的双列黔齿鱼Qianodus duplicis[4]新塑梵净山鱼Fanjingshania renovata[5]是最早的具有确凿证据的软骨鱼,同时使得有关奥陶纪、志留纪一些零散保存的鱼类鳞片和棘刺化石分类位置的争论有了明确的解答。

分类

现存的软骨鱼类主要分为板鰓亞綱全頭亞綱银鲛目)两个亚纲[6]。其中板鳃亚纲包括鲨鱼锯鳐等。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Botella, H.A.; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Martínez-Pérez, C. Enameloid microstructure in the oldest known chondrichthyan teeth. Acta Zoologica. 2009, 90 (Supplement): 103–108 [26 November 2013]. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x. (原始内容存档于2018-02-13). 
  2. ^ Chondrichthyes. PalaeoDB. [26 November 2013]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-07). 
  3. ^ Zhu, You-an; Li, Qiang; Lu, Jing; Chen, Yang; Wang, Jianhua; Gai, Zhikun; Zhao, Wenjin; Wei, Guangbiao; Yu, Yilun; Ahlberg, Per E.; Zhu, Min. The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05136-8. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 
  4. ^ Andreev, Plamen S.; Sansom, Ivan J.; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Wenjin; Wang, Jianhua; Wang, Chun-Chieh; Peng, Lijian; Jia, Liantao; Qiao, Tuo; Zhu, Min. The oldest gnathostome teeth. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2. (原始内容存档于2022-10-21) (英语). 
  5. ^ Andreev, Plamen S.; Sansom, Ivan J.; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Wenjin; Wang, Jianhua; Wang, Chun-Chieh; Peng, Lijian; Jia, Liantao; Qiao, Tuo; Zhu, Min. Spiny chondrichthyan from the lower Silurian of South China. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05233-8. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 
  6. ^ 朱元鼎孟慶聞. 中國大百科智慧藏:軟骨魚綱. 中國大百科全書出版社. [2021-10-06] (中文). [失效連結]
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軟骨魚綱
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