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海納魚屬

海纳魚屬
化石时期:360 Ma 法門階英语Famennian[1]
海纳鱼的复原图
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
科: 三列鰭魚科 Tristichopteridae
属: 海纳魚屬 Hyneria
Thomson, 1968
模式種
林氏海纳鱼Hyneria lindae
Thomson, 1968
物種
  • 林氏海纳鱼 H. lindae Thomson, 1968
  • 捕食者海纳鱼 Hyneria udlezinye Gess and Ahlberg 2023
異名
  • Hyperia Thomson, 1968

海納魚屬(学名:學名Hyneria)也称海肺鱼属,是一種史前的掠食性魚類,生存於3億6000萬年前的泥盆紀法門階。牠們體長約2.5—3.7米(8.2—12.1英尺)[2][3][4]並重達2噸,是目前發現第二大的肉鰭魚,僅次於根齒魚屬。其骨骼顯示牠們的鰭很強壯,有可能可以走到陸地上。

海纳魚的化石是於1968年在美國賓夕法尼亞州發現,包括了牙齒、骨骼及尾鰭。[5][6]自此以後就發現了更多的標本,但卻未有完整的骨骼。含肺魚是一種肉鰭魚,屬於三列鰭魚科英语Tristichopteridae,與新翼魚英语Eusthenopteron一樣於泥盆紀都非常普遍。

命名

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含肺魚的屬名 Hyneria 來自於最早化石樣本的發現地:美國賓夕法尼亞州海納英语Hyner, Pennsylvania(英語:Hyner)的一座村莊。其模式種學名 H. lindae 則來自發現者 Keith Stewart Thomson 的妻子[2]

描述

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含肺魚為大型魚類,體長約2.5—3.7米(8.2—12.1英尺)[2][7]。頭顱上覆蓋著一層厚重的皮骨,口內具有牙齒且位於前上頜骨上的尖牙長度可達 5 cm(2英寸)[2][8]。含肺魚體表由圓鱗覆蓋[8][7]。牠們也具有巨大的感覺管來幫助感測周遭獵物的活動,這可能是因為牠們所居住的淡水環境水質汙濁,無法依賴視力[7]

下属物种

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本属包括以下物种:[9]

  • 海纳魚 Hyneria lindae Thompson, 1968
  • Hyneria udlezinye [10]

大眾文化

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含肺魚分別在BBC的《與巨獸同行》及NHK的《地球大進化》中出現。

参见

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參考

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  1. ^ Haines, Tim; Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life英语The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life illustrated. Canada: Firefly Books. 2006: 32–33. ISBN 978-1-55407-181-4. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thomson, K. S. A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia. Postilla. 1968, 124. 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2018-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09). 
  4. ^ The Missing Link. NOVA. 2002-02-26 [2009-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-31). 
  5. ^ Dennis C. Murphy. Hyneria lindae (lobe-fin fish). Devonian Times. 2005 [2009-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-11). 
  6. ^ Thomson, K.S. A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia. Postilla. 1968, 124: 1–13. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 25 years of fossil collecting yields clearest picture of extinct 12-foot aquatic predator. ScienceDaily. 7 May 2018 [2018-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Daeschler, EB; Shubin, NH. New data on Hyneria lindae (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Late Devonian of Pennsylvania, USA.. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007, 27 (S3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458. 
  9. ^ Hyneria Thomson, 1968. GBIF. [2023-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-28). 
  10. ^ Robert W. Gess and Per E. Ahlberg. 2023. A high Latitude Gondwanan Species of the Late Devonian tristichopterid Hyneria (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii). PLoS ONE. 18(2): e0281333. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281333

外部連結

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海納魚屬
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