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海納魚屬.
海納魚屬(学名:學名:Hyneria)也称海肺鱼属,是一種史前的掠食性魚類,生存於3億6000萬年前的泥盆紀法門階。牠們體長約2.5—3.7米(8.2—12.1英尺)[2][3][4]並重達2噸,是目前發現第二大的肉鰭魚,僅次於根齒魚屬。其骨骼顯示牠們的鰭很強壯,有可能可以走到陸地上。
海纳魚的化石是於1968年在美國賓夕法尼亞州發現,包括了牙齒、骨骼及尾鰭。[5][6]自此以後就發現了更多的標本,但卻未有完整的骨骼。含肺魚是一種肉鰭魚,屬於三列鰭魚科,與新翼魚一樣於泥盆紀都非常普遍。
含肺魚的屬名 Hyneria 來自於最早化石樣本的發現地:美國賓夕法尼亞州海納(英語:Hyner)的一座村莊。其模式種學名 H. lindae 則來自發現者 Keith Stewart Thomson 的妻子[2]。
含肺魚為大型魚類,體長約2.5—3.7米(8.2—12.1英尺)[2][7]。頭顱上覆蓋著一層厚重的皮骨,口內具有牙齒且位於前上頜骨上的尖牙長度可達 5 cm(2英寸)[2][8]。含肺魚體表由圓鱗覆蓋[8][7]。牠們也具有巨大的感覺管來幫助感測周遭獵物的活動,這可能是因為牠們所居住的淡水環境水質汙濁,無法依賴視力[7]。
本属包括以下物种:[9]
- 海纳魚 Hyneria lindae Thompson, 1968
- Hyneria udlezinye [10]
含肺魚分別在BBC的《與巨獸同行》及NHK的《地球大進化》中出現。
- ^ Haines, Tim; Chambers, Paul. The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life illustrated. Canada: Firefly Books. 2006: 32–33. ISBN 978-1-55407-181-4.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thomson, K. S. A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia. Postilla. 1968, 124.
- ^ 存档副本. [2018-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- ^ The Missing Link. NOVA. 2002-02-26 [2009-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-31).
- ^ Dennis C. Murphy. Hyneria lindae (lobe-fin fish). Devonian Times. 2005 [2009-12-10]. (原始内容存档于2008-05-11).
- ^ Thomson, K.S. A new Devonian fish (Crossopterygii: Rhipidistia) considered in relation to the origin of the Amphibia. Postilla. 1968, 124: 1–13.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 25 years of fossil collecting yields clearest picture of extinct 12-foot aquatic predator. ScienceDaily. 7 May 2018 [2018-07-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09).
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Daeschler, EB; Shubin, NH. New data on Hyneria lindae (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Late Devonian of Pennsylvania, USA.. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007, 27 (S3). doi:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458.
- ^ Hyneria Thomson, 1968. GBIF. [2023-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-28).
- ^ Robert W. Gess and Per E. Ahlberg. 2023. A high Latitude Gondwanan Species of the Late Devonian tristichopterid Hyneria (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii). PLoS ONE. 18(2): e0281333. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281333
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| 四 足 形 類 | | | †根齒魚目 |
- 格勒岡魚屬
- Propycnotenion
- Pycnoctenion
| | 根齒魚科 |
- Archichthys
- Barameda
- 根齒魚屬
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| 蜥鰭魚科 |
- Aztecia
- Letognathus
- 蜥鰭魚屬
- Screbinodus
- Strepsodus
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| †卡南德拉魚科 |
- Beelarongia
- 卡南德拉魚屬
- Koharalepis
- 馬斯登魚屬
- Owensia
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| †骨鱗魚目 |
- Bogdanovia
- 金鱗魚屬
- 隱鱗魚屬
- Geiserolepis
- Glyptopomus
- 格格納瑟斯魚屬
- Gyroptychius
- Latvius
- Lohsania
- Medoevia
- Megadonichthys
- Platyethmoidia
- Shirolepis
- Sterropterygion
- 奇蹟魚屬
- 穗鱗魚屬
- Vorobjevaia
| | 骨鱗魚科 | |
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| 巨魚科 |
- 阿斯克爾魚屬
- Cladarosymblema
- Ectosteorhachis
- 馬哈拉鱗魚屬
- 巨魚屬
- Megapomus
- Megistolepis
- Palatinichthys
- Sengoerichthys
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| 始 四 足 類 | | | †三列鰭魚科 |
- 石炭魚屬
- Callistipterus
- Canningius
- Devonosteus
- 伊甸鰭魚屬
- 真掌齒魚屬
- 真掌鰭魚屬
- 赫得魚屬
- 海納魚屬
- 賈維克魚屬
- Langlieria
- Litoptychius
- 曼達格瑞魚屬
- Notorhizodon
- Spodichthys
- 三列鰭魚屬
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| 希望螈目 | |
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| 堅 頭 類 |
- †棘被螈屬
- †安特勒螈屬?
- †Austrobrachyops
- †Aytonerpeton
- †Brittagnathus
- †Broilisaurus
- †厚蛙螈屬
- †Diploradus
- †厚額螈屬
- †Doragnathus?
- †海納螈屬
- †魚石螈屬
- †雅各布森螈屬
- †Koilops
- †Limnosceloides
- †Mesanerpeton
- †變額螈屬
- †西方螈屬?
- †Ossirarus
- †帕爾馬螈屬
- †Perittodus
- †錫古尼螈屬?
- †中國螈屬
- †Tantallognathus
- †圖拉螈屬
- †屠圖螈屬
- †南非螈屬
- †孔螈屬
- †於默螈屬
- †Gaiasia
- †缺肢目?
| | †希望螈科 | |
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| †散步魚科 | |
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| †瓦切螈科 | |
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| †圓螈科 | |
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| †么螈目 | | | 么螈科 |
- Adelogyrinus
- Adelospondylus
- Dolichopareias
- Palaeomolgophis
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| †斜眼螈總科 | |
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| 四足類冠群 | |
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